The Fruitland Community Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Friutland Community A utopian society is very hard to come across these days. People tend to start a utopian society in order to better the lifes of others. Bronson Alcott of the Fruitland Community tries to find a utopian society that will last and be productive. The Fruitlands intent is to abstain from worldly activity and integrate systems of trade and labor in order to find spirituality.The Fruitland Community differs from the novel, Anthem more than it is similar. Bronson Alcott designed a familiarity which would help others carry out all their philosophies. His practical needs to act on his high ideals made this community popular, but only for a bypass time. In the Fruitland community people are not free in all respects. This brings similarity and differences in relating Anthem stated that no individual is free. No one could express ones thoughts, ideas, or even ones feelings in Anthem. The Fruitlanders did have individuality, but the people in Anthem felt up that it was a sin to see themselves as an individual person. The Fruitland leaders wanted to eliminate cattle from the drudgery of farm labor and spare them from the degradation of butcher for food. However, they also meant to end the need for human contact with animals due to the fact they felt that animals were revolting to the spirit (3). The Fruitlanders only used resources that would grow above filth consequently, their food became scarce. They only produced eno...

The Alien And Sedition Acts :: essays research papers

The palisade over the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 revealed bitter controversies on a number of issues that had been developing since the penning of the Constitution. The writers of the instrument knew that over time the needs of the nation and its people would change, and therefore provided for its amendment. But by not expressly delegating queens to specific organizations, whether the federal government, state governments, or the people themselves, they inadvertently created a major problem in the years to follow Constitutional interpretation.Shortly after the Constitutions ratification, two distinct camps formed, each believing in opposite manners of interpretation. One meeting, the Federalists, led by the newly appointed Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, thought that the Constitution should be interpreted very loosely. He claimed that the Constitution contained powers other than those delegated or enumerated. These unspecified powers were implied powers. To e xplain these powers, Hamilton said it would be natural - or implied - that the federal government would gain control over any territory gained through conquest of purchase, although the Constitution made no mention of territorial control. In essence, Hamilton wished to use the implied powers to build a strong and authoritative commutation government.In 1789, the Minister to France Thomas Jefferson, to Francis Hopkinson of Pennsylvania, protesting that "I am not of the party of the federalists. But I am much farther from that of the anitfederalists." However, the situation was so sensitive that he could not help but chose a side. In 1795, Jefferson wrote to a congressman from Virginia, William Giles, that he "held "t honorable to take a firm and decided part." The group he sided with, the Democratic-Republicans, favored a strict interpretation. As their leader, Jefferson argued that all powers not enumerated by the Constitution belonged to the States. The basis f or his argument was the old English "compact" theory. This theory stated that various individuals, in this case the states, joined together in a formal agreement of government. Since the states had drawn up the contract and given power to the federal government, it should be up to them to decide who received the power, not the body they created.This debate over interpretation thus sparked one of the first and major issues that lastly led to the Alien and Sedition Acts should a strong central government be formed (federalist desire), or should the individual states have control. And wild attacks of the ensuing debate also ignited the second issue, public defamation, which led to the Sedition Act.

Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne :: Young Goodman Brown YGB

Young Goodman brown by Nathaniel HawthorneYoung Goodman dark-brown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is a story that isthick with allegory.Young Goodman Brown is a chaste story, which is told through theperversion of a religious leader. In Young Goodman Brown, GoodmanBrown is a Puritan minister who lets his excessive pride in himself interfere with his relations with the community after he meets withthe devil, and causes him to live the life of an exile in his owncommunity.Young Goodman Brown begins when Faith, Browns married woman, asks him not togo on an errand. Goodman Brown says to his love and (my) Faiththat this one night I must tarry away from thee. When he says hislove and his Faith, he is talking to his wife, but he is alsotalking to his faith to God. He is venturing into the woods to meetwith the Devil, and by doing so, he leaves his unquestionable faith inGod with his wife. He resolves that he go away cling to her skirts andfollow her to Heaven. This is an example of the excessi ve pridebecause he feels that he can sin and meet with the Devil because ofthis promise that he made to himself. on that point is a tremendous irony tothis promise because when Goodman Brown comes back at dawn he can nolonger look at his wife with the same faith he had before.When Goodman Brown finally meets with the Devil, he declares that thereason he was late was because Faith kept me back awhile. Thisstatement has a bifurcate meaning because his wife physically preventedhim from being on time for his meeting with the devil, but his faithto God psychologically delayed his meeting with the devil.The Devil had with him a staff that bore the likeness of a greatblack snake. The staff which looked like a snake is a reference tothe snake in the story of Adam and Eve. The snake led Adam and Eve totheir destruction by leading them to the Tree of Knowledge. The Adamand Eve story is similar to Goodman Brown in that they are bothseeking unfathomable amounts of knowledge. Once Adam and Eve ate fromthe Tree of Knowledge they were expelled from their paradise. TheDevils staff eventually leads Goodman Brown to the Devils communionwhich destroys Goodman Browns faith in his fellow man, thereforeexpelling him from his utopia.Goodman Brown almost immediately declares that he kept his meetingwith the Devil and no longer wishes to cut across on his errand with theDevil. He says that he comes from a race of honest men and good

Two Marxist Objections to Exploitation :: Economy Economics Papers

Two Marxist Objections to ExploitationABSTRACT I argue that we can go up in Marx two expostulations to exploitation (i) an entitlement objection according to which it is wrongful because of the unsporting distribution of benefits and burdens it generates and (ii) an expressivist objection according to which it is objectionable because of the kind of social relation it is. The expressivist objection is predicated on a communitarian strand in Marxs thought, whereas the entitlement objection is grounded in a more expectant account of the wrongfulness of capitalist exploitation. I discontinue by connecting my analysis to the current debate betwixt proponents and critics of market socialism. While market socialism could be a vehicle for realizing the values associated with the entitlement objection, this is not true for the expressivist objection. Furthermore, because the entitlement objection does not depend on a thick conception of the human good, it is in accord with the liberal ideal of political neutrality whereas the expressivist objection is not.In what follows I argue that we can find in Marxs work two objections to exploitation and that distinguishing these objections helps clarify current issues facing socialist political philosophy. The first is an entitlement objection according to which exploitation is wrongful because of the unjust distribution of benefits and burdens it generates. The second is an expressivist objection according to which exploitation is wrongful because of the kind of social relation it is, viz., one in which agents view the needs, vulnerabilities, and capacities of others primarily as a means to their own private gain. (1) The expressivist objection suggests a normatively thicker, communitarian strand in Marxs thought, whereas the entitlement objection relies on a thinner, more liberal normative account. I conclude by connecting my analysis to the current debate between proponents and critics of market socialism. While market socialism could be a vehicle for realizing the values associated with the entitlement objection, this is unlikely the circumstance for the expressivist objection. Furthermore, because the entitlement objection does not depend on a thick conception of the human good it fits with the emphasis on political neutrality that is central to liberal thought. Let me provide some context for my account by briefly describing the place of exploitation in Marxs theory of history, the connection between the normative and informative roles of exploitation, and the relevance of Marxs theory of exploitation for contemporary social philosophy. For Marx exploitation is a concept of historical generality, applying not only to capitalism, but to feudal and ancient modes of production.

The Path into Madness in The Yellow Wallpaper -- Yellow Wallpaper essa

The Path into Madness in The Yellow Wallpaper In the late 1800s/early 1900s, when Charlotte Perkins Gilman experienced her fortune of temporary nervous depression (Gilman 885), and wrote her autobiographical short story, The Yellow Wallpaper, the workings of the mind were mysteries that few medical people attempted to investigate. A patient who was slimy and ill-educated and exhibiting signs of mental disorder was institutionalized -- ala Bedlam. The patient who was rich, educated, and/or from a good family was called eccentric and given a prescription for complete mental rest and controlled sensible exercise combined with the consumption of phosphorus enriched tonics. This regimen was to be followed in an environment that allowed the patient to ingest large quantities of clean fresh air (Gilman 885, 886). In her retrospective, the author was able to present a frighteningly candid view of the ineffectiveness of this last pattern of treatment. Ms. Gilmans heroines adventure int o madness started with an onset of post partum depression. This somewhat common side effect of childbirth comes at the time in her life when the woman (according to society) is supposed to be her happiest, most satisfied self. However, with her mind scathe from the effects of her bodys frantic attempt to realign its chemical components into a balanced state, the new mother is confronted by moods that are the antithesis of the euphoria she is told she should be feeling. This juxtaposition of anticipate and experienced emotions can create tremendous guilt in a woman, even a very strong woman. To mitigate this guilt, the mind can set up a psychosis, such as delusional disorder. Ms. Gilman was very perceptive in looking at he... ... this case -- unenlightened) treatment, progressing into dementia. And she created this scenario years, if not decades, before medical science understand the relationship between the various parts of her heroines -- and her own -- path into madness. Wo rks Cited Danford, Darla Erhard. Pica and Nutrition. Annual Review of Nutrition Issue 2 (1982) 303 - 322. Decker, Chris J., MD, FRSCS. Pica in the Mentally Handicapped A 15 - Year Surgical Perspective. Canadian Journal of Surgery 36.6 (1993) 551 - 554. DSM - IV Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. poop edition. Washington, DC American Psychiatric Association, 1994. 290 - 301. Gilmore, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper. Being and Becoming. Anne Mills King, and Sandra Kurtinitis editors. New York, NY McGraw - Hill Publishing Company, 1987. 886 - 892.

The Path into Madness in The Yellow Wallpaper -- Yellow Wallpaper essa

The Path into Madness in The Yellow Wallpaper In the late 1800s/ earlier 1900s, when Charlotte Perkins Gilman experienced her episode of temporary nervous depression (Gilman 885), and wrote her autobiographical short story, The Yellow Wallpaper, the workings of the chief were mysteries that few checkup people attempted to investigate. A patient who was poor and ill-educated and exhibiting signs of psychic disorder was institutionalized -- ala Bedlam. The patient who was rich, educated, and/or from a good family was called eccentric and given a prescription for complete mental rest and controlled physical exercise combined with the consumption of phosphorus enriched tonics. This regimen was to be followed in an environment that allowed the patient to ingest large quantities of clean blank air (Gilman 885, 886). In her retrospective, the author was able to present a frighteningly candid view of the ineffectiveness of this last pattern of treatment. Ms. Gilmans heroines adventur e into madness started with an plan of attack of post partum depression. This fairly common side effect of childbirth comes at the time in her life when the woman (according to society) is supposed to be her happiest, most cheerful self. However, with her mind suffering from the effects of her bodys frantic attempt to realign its chemical components into a balanced state, the new mother is confronted by moods that are the antithesis of the euphoria she is told she should be feeling. This juxtaposition of expected and experienced emotions can create tremendous guilt in a woman, even a very strong woman. To mitigate this guilt, the mind can develop a psychosis, such as delusional disorder. Ms. Gilman was very perceptive in looking at he... ... this case -- unenlightened) treatment, progressing into dementia. And she created this scenario years, if not decades, before medical science understood the relationship between the various parts of her heroines -- and her own -- path into ma dness. Works Cited Danford, Darla Erhard. Pica and Nutrition. Annual Review of Nutrition Issue 2 (1982) 303 - 322. Decker, Chris J., MD, FRSCS. Pica in the Mentally Handicapped A 15 - Year Surgical Perspective. Canadian Journal of Surgery 36.6 (1993) 551 - 554. DSM - IV Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders. Fourth edition. Washington, DC American Psychiatric Association, 1994. 290 - 301. Gilmore, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper. Being and Becoming. Anne Mills King, and Sandra Kurtinitis editors. New York, NY McGraw - Hill Publishing Company, 1987. 886 - 892.

Definition of Literature Essay

Literature is an outlet of escape from reality. At the end of the day, I open a book and allow the news report to take me to a world where my own fades into a distant memory. With every turn of a page, my imagination is free to reinvent a narrative that is break than the reality I live. Literature can be non-fiction and based on facts surrounding real events, people, and places. Examples include muniment books, memoirs, biographies, newspapers, self-help, devotionals, and textbooks. Literature can likewise be writings based not on truth, but on the imagination and creativity of the author.This includes fiction novels and children story books. A lot of times authors of fiction give get their idea from a real life event and then they allow their imagination to recreate the characters and plot. Aside from being fiction or non-fiction, writings can excessively fall into different categories according to the writing expressive vogue, purpose, and style. Some genres include roman ce, science fiction, Christian, suspense, and western. The authors purpose for writing will likely determine what style and genre they will use. Poetry and drama are forms of literature that are stylistically different from other writings.Every generator wants to engage their audience and usurp their help in order to convey a message. The meaning of the text may hold differing messages within the audience, but it is the goal of the author to captivate the reader and spare them wanting to read more. John Smith wrote historical accounts of life while he was living. His writings brought insight and hope regarding English settlement during the early 1600s. The full general History of Virginia is difficult to comprehend in areas because I am unfamiliar with his use and style of language, but nonetheless it is a beautifully create verbally frame of literature.John Smiths targeted audience was most likely the people of his time, with the goal of informing them of recent events. I ap preciate the way he portrays the struggles of everyday life realistically and in a way that inspires and intrigues. William Bradford was not formally educauted, yet he was a wise and considerably-read man. His writings spread end-to-end the world and have been studied and quoted by many. As with most of the literature from his time period, Bradfords style is simple, but he writes with such conviction that demands the assistance and respect of the reader.Bradford was a man of faith and often expressed this in his writing. In Of Plymouth Plantation he often refers to Gods providence and makes dogging references to God. Bradford may refer to God more than any other author in this colonial unit. Anne Bradstreet was a powerful force in literature during the sixties because she was one of the first recognized women poets. Centuries later she is a revered writer and her poetry remains enchanting. Thou ill-formed offspring of my feeble brain is the hypothesis line to her poem The Aut hor of Her Book and illustrates just how feeble her brain is not.She has the unique capacity to use words to express herself so creatively and with so much emotion. To My Dear and Loving Husband is a great romantic poem that I admire. Bradstreets style reminds me slightly of my own. However I invite more experience and practice to become nearly as talented as she. Upon the Burning of Our House reminds of my own experience of a house put forward and has inspired me to attempt to capture my experience through poetry. Through all Anne Bradstreets work, she inspires others to recognize the beauty and power in writing.Edward Taylor was a highly educated, easily respected, and devout religious man who used poetry as a private expression of his faith. He did not seek fame or recognition for his writing, quite just the pleasure it brought him. Taylor writes of God beautifully and is a master of creating moving and emotional works of art without intending to. As with most poets, Taylor a nd Bradstreet used metaphors and had a in the flesh(predicate) style unique from others. There is also an overflowing of emotion from both Taylor and Bradstreet within all their writings.William Byrd was a very accomplished man of his time. He was well educated, respected, and prosperous. His most famous writings are the journals that he wrote to describe day to day life. In The History of the Dividing Line I was able to pick up on the pique that has lead Byrd to be one of the first distinct comedic writers. The humor is not pee your pants funny rather it is more light-hearted humor that makes the reader smile. It is evident in his writing that Byrd was indeed well-read. A writer is capable of learning a great deal about language, word usage, and style through reading.Byrds style is simple, yet he articulates his message very well and although he wrote for himself, he managed to write in a way that would capture an audiences attention. Jonathan Edwards was an intelligent man of Go d who served as a preacher. As an author, he wrote popular treatments and other serious works on religion, metaphysics, and philosophy. Edwards style of writing is quite different from other authors in this unit because unlike the others he gives the reader an array of possible positions for the topic he is presenting.In the sermon Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, Edwards develops his view on destruction and punishment from verses in Deuteronomy. Not only does he explain how he interprets the scripture, he also gives other possible views. St. Jean De Crevecoeur wrote about religion but he did not profess or maintain that he believed in God. He was a well-educated humanitarian who served his people and country. I found Letters from an American Farmer difficult to get through because his style of writing is unexciting. I was also turned off by the way he wrote about certain topics particularly African American issues.Crevecoeur was not a racist man, but he lacked some sensitivit y in discussing his unique view on negroes and parenting. He believed that negroes should not continue having children because if they did misery would undeniably result for themselves and their offspring. I understand that he is referring to slaves and perhaps even slaves may have wished to not have children in order to save future generations from being forced into slavery. Crevecoeur surprised me with the boldness in his writing. The progression of writing from Smith to Crevecoeur is interesting to track and there are noticeable changes in language and word usage.As defined earlier, literature to me is written art that engages my imagination and takes my mind away from reality. Not every piece of literature will bring me the pleasure of leaving my own world for a moment and that does not mean the author has failed. Genre plays an important role in this element of the definition. For example the writings from the colonies unit are primarily non-fiction history writings that are me ant to inform more than entertain. Anne Bradstreet is an exception. As the writer of poetry, her style is most obviously different from the more serious and constructed essays of the other writers.Every writer has a style that is unique, however one similarity in the colonial writings is the purpose of the authors writing. Many of the writers were writing for the sake of preserve daily life and making historical accounts of slavery, war, and developing colony life. Centuries later, authors such as Smith, Bradford, Bradstreet, Taylor, Edwards, and Crevecoeur are recognized as masters in the field of writing. Writers during the constitution of the colonies wrote simple, yet serious and powerful pieces of art. They have a style of writing and voice that still captures the hearts of readers.

Correlation Between Student S Grades and-Social Networks Essay

AbstractSocial networking sites (SNS) have created a new accessible dimension where soulfulnesss brush aside develop increased levels of their societal awargonness and getting data in many more aspects of everyday lives. SNS help people to enhance their knowledge, which is very executionive especially for students. However, some argue the practise of SNS also entails shun effects that overrule the gains. This may be reflected on students grades.The main objective of this query is to snap the relationship in the midst of students academic performance and use of SNS. The seek was conducted through the use of online questionnaires. Excel and SPSS softw be were used to analyse the information collected. Findings from this study showed that there is a weak, negative relationship amidst these two variables.Chapter 1 Introduction at that place is no doubt that the global revolution of SNS has brought massive changes to many aspects of everyday life. People use them to keep i n touch with distant friends and relatives or to make new social and professional acquaintances.Whatever the cerebrate behind this increased use, SNS have for many become a way of life. Especially for young people, SNS are the most innovative tools that enable them not alone to contact new(prenominal) individuals, but most importantly to create a positive self-image (Boyd & Ellison, 2007). At the same clock, however, there is an increasing concern about the threats arising from the unjustified use of SNS.Although there is prior research on how SNS affect peoples relationships, the lit on how they affect students academic performance is still in its infancy. The main objective of this research is to fill this gap in literature and examine how the use of SNS affects academic performance.Paper StructureThis paper commences with a nobble review of prior literature on the topic where some information about the various SNS will be given. It will then continue to Chapter 3 where the orderology followed to approach the objective and gather the necessary data will be explained. Chapter 4 follows, where the collected data will be analysed using statistical depth psychology tests and findings will be reported. The paper will then finalise with some conclusions and recommendations given in Chapter 5.Chapter 2 Literature ReviewThe section of literature review has a purpose to put this study into context with previous research on SNS providing some examples of such sites and students use of SNS. Finally, prior research on the relationship of SNS and academic performance will be examined.Definition and Examples of SNSSocial networking sites have been defined as an online community of Internet users who want to communicate with other users about areas of mutual interest (William, 2009). Globally there are many SNS, but the most popular ones are the Facebook, Twitter, Google+ and LinkedIn.Facebook is the most widely used SNS with currently more than 1.2 billion users. It was created in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg, with the initial intention for students in a certain college to keep in touch with each other. fit to recent statistics, the average time a user spends on Facebook per month is 15 hours and 33 minutes.Twitter is a real-time communication platform where users are able to interact and build relationships with their network of contacts by posting and receiving messages. It started in 2006 as an experiment of short online announcements and it now has more than 555 million users.Google+ is a social networking platform created by the search engine giant, Google, in an attempt to outperform Facebook. It was launched in 2011 and it currently has around 500 million users. Google+ enables targeted sharing of information deep down certain subgroups of users contacts and the viewing, managing and editing of multimedia.LinkedIn is the professional social network launched in 2003. People join this network mainly to make professional connections and use them to build a career. Companies that are in search of qualified employees and job-hunters also use LinkedIn. The profile created by users is give care a resume but with the option to include huge information in each field.Use of SNSStatistics reveal that 98% of people olden in the midst of 18-24 are using some form of SNS. Apart from socialization and staying in touch with friends, people in those ages use SNS for a variety of other reasons. As in the age of 18 most people are going to be in higher education, there is endorse showing that students use those sites to research colleges and assist their decision on where to enrol (Tisley, 2012).They also use them during their university life to enable their communication with other students or even staff. According to Oradini and Saunders (2007), students john use SNS to initiate a discussion and decide what information they would like to share and with whom. Many universities have recently recognised this increased use of SN S and their ability to act as a platform of online learning and have then taken steps to incorporate them into their strategy.SNS and Academic PerformanceThe term academic performance is used to measure the success of a student in hurt of their achievements and their ability to meet certain standards defined by the institution they are attending. Reference? It can be assumed that by having access to the in style(p) information available, either through visiting companies and broadcasting profiles or through the exchange of useful information, students increase their awareness towards a better achievement of results. However, there is a contradiction of views relating to the use of SNS and their effect on students grades. While some studies show that there is no link between SNS and academic performance (Truong, 2010) others provide evidence that there is an adverse effect of SNS on students grades mainly due to the fact that too much time is spent on them, leaving limited time fo r studying.Chapter 3 Research MethodologyIn this chapter, a methodology for collecting the necessary information for the research will be defined. This will include a description of the method for collecting information and an explanation of why the methods chosen were the most suitable, providing reliability to the report.Research ApproachSelecting the right research approach is wakeless in order to answer the questions that were presented successfully. In this study, the researchers carried out scientific research and aimed to develop a hypothesis, which was then tested and examined to establish a theory. Therefore, a deductive research approach was considered to be most suitable (Hussey and Hussey, 1997). According to Robson (2002), the researchers had to deduct hypotheses from theory and then express them in operational terms, proposing a relationship between two variables. The objectives this research had led to the following hypothesis hypothesis There is a relationship betwe en the use of SNS and students academic performance.Therefore the Null Hypothesis is There is no relationship between the use of SNS and students academic performance.This hypothesis was chosen as prior literature focused exclusively on the effect of the use of Facebook on academic performance and not the use of SNS in general. beat horizonThis research is cross-sectional study, as the data collection methods were intentional to gather data at a particular point in time with the intention of describing the nature of existing conditions (Cohen, Manion and Morrison, 1994). This approach was a suitable method to use given the limited time that was available to undertake the research.Data collection MethodsThe research was conducted through the use of online questionnaires. They were distributed to students via email from December 2012 to January 2013, a research period that is distinct and discrete phase of the investigation (Johnson, 2004). Respondents were informed that all material they provided would remain confidential while anonymity was promised. A briefing argumentation (See Appendix I) informed participants as to the purpose of the research and the extremity of confidentiality. The full list of questions can be found in Appendix II.Data analysis methodsQuantitative data was analysed using the SPSS analysis software, where correlation was used to examine the existence of a relationship between the variables and regression analysis to assess the force out of those relationships. In order to carry out regression statistics, it was essential to distinguish the factors between the dependent variable (y) and the independent variables (x). Since the purpose of this analysis was to discover the extent to which academic performance is dependent on changes in the variables investigated, academic performance was identified as the dependent variable while hours spent on homework, social networking sites, playing games and surfing on the internet were defined as the independent variables.It should be noted here that academic performance is defined using the latest available grades of the participants. This led to the following model being developed Academic Performance = b0 + b1Hours spent studying + b2Hours spent on social networks +b3Hours spent on other activities The data was analysed by bivariate correlation and linear regression. Once this technique was completed, each variable was analysed explicitly in order to assess individual relationships and test the hypothesis by stressing the most noteworthy relationship between independent and dependent variable.Validity & ReliabilityIn order for the research to be useful, actions had to be taken to safeguard the validity and reliability of results. According to Joppe (2000), the extent to which results are reliable depends on how consistent they are over time and whether very(a) results can be acquired if the investigation is repeated. Validity is concerned with whether the findings are wh at they appear to be and whether a relationship between two variables is merely a coincidence.There are many threats to reliability and validity. The subject error and participant bias are threats to reliability (Saunders et al., 2009) that can be tackled by carefully selecting the right research population. Mortality is a threat to validity, since it would result to a very small sample size that would be unable to determine whether relationships between variables were simply casual. In enhancing the validity and reliability, the research was conducted at the University of Southampton and the questionnaires were handed both to undergraduate and postgraduate students in various programs. Also, a pilot questionnaire was conducted with 10 students to complete that provided feedback.Chapter 4 Results & outlineThe purpose of this section is to present the findings of this study, which will be critically evaluated to identify their reliability. Implications will be acknowledged.Descripti ve StatisticsIn total 303 responses were collected by students of the University of Southampton. knocked out(p) of the total number of participants, 8 abandoned the survey without saving it so only 275 responses were used. The demographics of the sample are summarized in the figures below. The sample consisted of 149 males and 126 females (See Figure 1) and most participants (n= 193) aged between 21-24 (See Figure 2).Figure 1 Participants GenderFigure 2 Participants AgeOut of the total sample, only 5 participants were not part of a SNS where as the rest 270 participants had a profile on either one or multiple SNS. Out of those who were part of an SNS, the majority of participants (n= 273) had a profile on Facebook (See Figure 3). Also, most of the participants (n=234) have been using SNS for more than 3 years (See Figure 4).Figure 3 Number of Participants profiles on SNSFigure 4 Time period participants use SNSWhen asked about the reasons participants use SNS, many correspo nded to keep in touch with their family and friends (n=108) whereas a significant amount of them (n=70) replied to keep updated on current affairs (See Figure 5).Figure 5 Reasons for using SNSIn relation to the academic performance of participants, most of them (n=76) study between 1-4 hours (See Figure 6) with 50 of them managing to get grades between 70-100 (See Figure 7). The average grade the participants received is 68.Figure 6 Participants Time allocation on an Average DayFigure 7 Participants GradesData compendiumIt is now necessary to relate these findings back to the initial hypothesis.We use correlation analysis in order to examine the relationship between two variables. Pearsons r statistic is the one, which will determine if there is any relationship between our variables. As it can be seen from the table above, the Pearsons r for the correlation between the Hours spent on doing homework and the Hours spent using SNS is -0.117, which is relatively contiguous to 0. T his means that there is a negative relationship between those variables, indicated by the negative sign, and as the one variable increases in value, the second variable decreases in value. However, since this valued is very close to 0, this is a week relationship and it is unlikely that changes in one variable are correlated with changes in the other.Observing the Sig. (2-tailed) value we can determine the significance of the relationship. If that value is less or equal to 0.05, we can conclude that there is statistically significant correlation between the hours spent on homework and the social network use. Here the value (0.052) is extremely close to the benchmark so the relationship is statistically significant.

Opportunity Recognition Essay

Mr Kurian was born in December, 13th 1961 and had graduated in Diploma in Electrical and Electronic Engineering in the twelvemonth 1983. Mr Kurian has been in the engineering industry for almost 30 years, in which he has worked under different companies during the first 17 years. Mr Kurian had begun his career as entrepreneur in the year 2000, where he established his own engineering firm alongside with his 2 partners. Mr Kurian took full advantage of his experience working under different engineering firms for 17 years, and applied engineering and management skills that he had learnt to start his own traffic.Currently, Mr Kurian Zachariah is the Managing Director of Frezawa Engineering Sdn Bhd. This literature review concentrates on the topic of luck recognition for entrepreneurs. In ordination to start-up business, entrepreneurs take hold to identify the idea or core value of the business. Generally, entrepreneurs would go for opportunity or business which would promise greater success in the grocery. 2. 0 Literature Review Opportunity RecognitionA stream of look shows that opportunity recognition is advancedly associated with entrepreneurs rattling(a)ness in the market, prior knowledge on a concomitant field, mental stimulation, social capital, and behavioral and cognitive skills. According to research through with(p) by Gregoire, Barr and Shepherd (2010, 29), cognitive skills are crucial for entrepreneurs to identify opportunities. Entrepreneurs apply their prior knowledge and creativity skills in order to search for open window in the market.DSouza, Rodney, and Schenkel (2011, 46) express that greater prior knowledge breadth provide entrepreneurs with higher chances of identifying innovative opportunities. question shows that 46% of the analyze entrepreneurs agreed with crucial roles of knowledge in identifying the beaver opportunity. With knowledge, entrepreneurs know how and where to look for opportunities. Butler, Doktor and Lins (2012, 23) viewed alertness and social fundamental interaction as the major driving forces for entrepreneurs.St-Jean and Tremblay (2011, 42) stated in his research that entrepreneurs are alert to the environmental factors much(prenominal) as economy, political and social to create opportunities. Moreover, it is observed from the literature review that entrepreneurs applied different types of strategies and techniques throughout the opportunity recognition process. Studies done by Butler, Doktor and Lins (2012, 32) shows that entrepreneurs mired the technique of active searching and experiential learning throughout the recognition process.In other hand, Gregoire, Barr and Shepherd (2010, 63) conclude in his research that entrepreneur opportunities occurred based on timing and luck thus waited for opportunities to occur instead of taking crucial steps searching for opportunities. Chitakornkijsil (2011, 53) noted that different individuals discovered different opportunities, according to their particular bearing of gathering and processing information. Based on the story done by Butler, Doktor and Lins (2012, 98), entrepreneurs have different sources of opportunities. First, Butler, Doktor and Lins viewed that entrepreneurs focused on innovation as a source of opportunity.Entrepreneurs focused on innovation of technology to create a door to the market. DSouza, Rodney, and Schenkel (2011, 94)also stated that entrepreneurs used innovation to create new products and market for customers. For example, the introduction of smart phones and tablets to the market. Furthermore, entrepreneurs also considered societys knowledge and sentiency as one of the sources. The development of new knowledge would enhance awareness in the society. Therefore, entrepreneur used societys awareness and created solution to the problems.Research conducted on sample group of Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics concluded that 53% of entrepreneur respondents would seduce great advantage from int roduction of new knowledge to the market. Butler, Doktor and Lins (2012, 54) stated entrepreneurs likely taken opportunity regarding health and environmental awareness such as pollution and disease. In addition, entrepreneurs also depend on market trends and structure as a source of opportunity. Entrepreneurs studied growing trends in the market and implied related strategy to enter the market.Entrepreneurs focused on trends and demands to ensure earns and success. However, showed different view compared to other research reports. St-Jean and Tremblay (2011, 67) was less focused on these sources but emphasized on facts that entrepreneurs depends on external environmental factors such as politic, economy, and social environment as the major source of opportunity. DSouza, Rodney, and Schenkel (2011, 85) implied that entrepreneurs take advantage of the current environmental crisis such as economy downfall, riot, and social crisis to create business opportunities.A stream of research s howed that entrepreneurs search for business opportunities by implementing strategic methods which depends on active searching, social webing, past experience learning, and deep knowledge. Research by Pech and Cameron (2006, 142)showed that entrepreneurs used active searching for information in order to locate new window in the market. Plus, Nixdorff (2008, 44) stated that the potential of success for entrepreneurs depends on the social network ties of the individual.According to Chitakornkijsil (2011, 75), the bigger the size of entrepreneurs social network in the market, the higher entrepreneurs chances of gaining potential information. Social interaction also helped entrepreneurs in providing network chain of opportunities. Furthermore, most of the research project studied mutually agreed with the statement of entrepreneurs mostly depend on past experience in order to create new opportunity. Entrepreneurs used past experience learning method to create innovation to the previous idea such as features or design modification.Entrepreneurs with past experience have higher knowledge on what the future successful product should be. Survey conducted by Pech and Cameron (2006, 118)on sample group of successful entrepreneurs shows that almost 55% of the entrepreneurs managed to locate high potential opportunities through past experience learning. In other hand Ozgen (2011, 58) and Kolb (2010, 86) have the opposite views. Ozgen and Kolb denied social network and experience to be the best way for entrepreneurs in identifying opportunity.However, both of the research agreed that entrepreneurs move together with the demands of market and availability of technology in market. This means that entrepreneurs followed the trends and high demands in market, but produced sole(prenominal) at limited innovation. Based on the literature review done on several research projects, different conflicting ideas were studied on the characteristics of a potential opportunity. Through c omparison, most research projects agreed with characteristics of a high potential opportunity to be rare, exclusive, hard to copy and not readily substituted opportunity.In other words, the opportunity would require an introduction of new market. However, Ozgen (2011, 47) denied the idea of rare and exclusive opportunities to be majorly focused by entrepreneurs, as according to Ozgen, this type of opportunity would be cost expensive, compared to normal market opportunity. The research done in development countries shows that 62% of the studied entrepreneurs went for low cost opportunity as they defined exclusive products to be less promising to succeed in the country. Nixdorff 2008, 62) Therefore, Nixdorff stated entrepreneurs considered low cost opportunity to be high potential opportunity in the market as it is more attractive and promise fewer loss. However, some entrepreneurs avoided low cost venture opportunity as it is a long-term profit venture. In other hand, entrepreneurs went for new markets as there would be fewer competitors in the market and are more attractive to society.Empirical research done by Gregoire, Barr and Shepherd (2010, 134) shows on average only 2 out of 5 entrepreneurs would gain greatest share in ighly competitive market. Therefore, it would be legit to ascertain opportunity with fewer competitors would offer greater potential of success for entrepreneurs. According to research projects studied, most of researchers mutually stated that the major challenges faced by entrepreneurs in identifying opportunity occurred from self and external environment. From the self view, entrepreneurs faced challenges in identifying potential opportunity due to anti-social lifestyle, uncertainty avoidance status, lack of creativity and imagination, poor knowledge, and refusal behavior.These factors studied to results in entrepreneurs having less network ties in the market, low confidence in taking risks, lack of alternative and innovative idea, a nd loss of opportunity. Based on study conducted by Kolb (2010, 131) on entrepreneurs of Institute of Wyoming, 44% out of 100 respondents agreed that the major challenge which could constraint them from identifying potential opportunities is entrepreneurs own attitude and behavior. Furthermore, entrepreneurs also faced obstacles in opportunity recognition due to environmental factors such as lack of technology innovation and legal constraint idea.Research studied by Chitakornkijsil (2011, 113), proved that the rate of opportunity development in developed countries to be approximately 32% greater than developing countries. This shows that entrepreneurs in developing countries such as Malaysia, China, and etc, are facing obstacles due to level of technology enhancement and legal constraints idea, where entrepreneurs idea have to be filtered by the ethical perspective of the society. This can be seen from development of smart phones in developed countries, but only few developers in de veloping countries. . 0 goal As conclusion, entrepreneurs can be defined as innovators who, despite constraints, actively focus on searching and identifying potential opportunities in the market for the sake of the business establishment, survival and growth. Based on the literature review conducted, it is studied that entrepreneurs implemented cognitive and creativity skills in identifying the highest potential opportunities in the market. It is important for entrepreneurs to be alert and aware of market opportunity.With the presence of the required skills, entrepreneurs would still be required to implement strategic techniques and strategies such as active searching and social interaction to identify promising window in the market. Furthermore, it is studied that the strength or competitive advantage of entrepreneurs in the market depends on the entrepreneurs network ties and prior knowledge on the field. The best way for entrepreneurs to increase the possibility of identifying p otential opportunities is to increase size of network, which would increase sources of information.

Children`s early learning Essay

Key research findings which show the magnificence of parental involvement in their childrens learning in their early on years, including fathers involvement have shown that parents are the childs first educators and role models and have a strong influence on their learning. When a parent both mum or dad is actively involved in their childs education this has a positive effect on the childs achievement. If a parent takes interest in their childs education by talking with them, monitoring homework, actively involved in school activities, attend parents evening, then the child will have the chance to achieve their full potential as they will have the best nourishment. The Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky pointed out the importance of talking especially when an adult helps a child in problem solving.This showed that a child can achieve more if they have the help and support and skills from someone rather than left to their own devices. Within the early years, The Effective Provisio n of Pre-School Education (EPPE) (Sylva et al 2004) did a study of development of around 3,000 children surrounded by the ages of 3-7, research found that parents actively involved with reading, numbers and learning letters helped reduce the risk of special educational needs (SEN).The EPPE also found that parents who created rule-governed opportunities for their children to play with friends at home and taking their children out were all associated with higher intellectual and social behaviour.

Occupy Wall Street Movement

Krystal Graham Occupy contend way Business Ethics Professor Steven Curry Occupy W both Street The Occupy W entirely Street vogue has become a big deal since it began in the fall of 2011. This movement was inspired by international protests, with thousands arriving in New York city manageing the call, soon spreading to rise over 500 cities. I would comparable to discuss more of the details of the movement, the moral and economic implications, as well as the different ethics theories to see which theory best applies to the movement.The Arab Springs protest on February 11, 2011 was the most notable inspiration of the Occupy Wall Street movement. concord to the website occupy to cast downher, the occupy movement is an international movement driven by individuals. They be organized in over 100 cities in the United States, and they exact to fight back against the system that has allowed the rich to get richer and the poor to get poorer. All of us have many different backgrounds an d political beliefs but quality that, since we can no longer trust our elected officials to fend for anyone other than their richesiest take upors, we need real people to clear real change from the bottom up We no longer want the wealthiest to hold all the power, to write the rules governing an unbalanced and inequitable global economy, and thus foreclosing on our future. The movement works to reach step up their goals by resist, In the spirit and tradition of civil disobedience occupy takes to the streets to protest corporate greed, abuse of power, and growing economic disparity Restructure, occupy empowers individuals to bring others into action by gathering in the commons as engaged citizens to demonstrate a culture based on community and mutual aid. We pass on be the change we are seeking in the world and finally, Remix work to make fundamental changes in the system.Now that we know a little more almost the movement itself, let us look at some of the moral and economic implications of this movement. In the Constitution, the Fourteenth Amendment requires that the government provide equal protection of the laws to all citizens. The moral implications of the Occupy Wall Street movement reach far beyond the passing sensation it has created. The movement seems to be acquiring immunity from the laws the tarry of us are expected to obey by calling themselves representatives of the 99 percent against the 1 percent.If 99 percent of the people in the country were like the Occupy mobs we would have anarchy, not a country. Democracy means majority rule, not mob rule, and if Occupy or any other mob movement actually represents the majority, they would have enough votes to legally achieve what they are trying to accomplish by illegal means. In problems of collective action, individuals who work solely for their suffer selfish interests can bring about tragic consequences for society as a whole. The only way for collective action problems to be solved is to c reate coordinated collaborations that unite social and individual interests.The collective element is paramount because even one defector (someone who acts selfishly, like those who stand accused of criminal acts at Occupy Wall Street camps) has the power to run everything by leading others to defect as well. I found an example of the Occupy movement beingness about the law on the national review website. When trespassers blocking other people at the University of California-Davis refused to disperse and locked their arms with one another(prenominal) to prevent the patrol from being able to physically remove them, police finally resorted to pepper spray to break up this human logjam.The result? The police have been strongly criticized for enforcing the law. Apparently pepper spray is unpleasant, and people who break the law are not supposed to have unpleasant things done to them. Which is to say, we need to take the enforcement out of law enforcement. The police are the last lin e of defense against barbarism, but they are equipped only to handle that minority who are not stop by the first line of defense, moral principles. If everyone takes the path of least resistance, then the moral infrastructure will corrode and crumble.The moral infrastructure is one of the intangibles without which the tangibles dont work. Like the physical infrastructure, its neglect in the short run invites disaster in the long run. Examples of real, measurable Occupy inspired change in the political sphere are hard to come by, though a band of cardinalaires did storm Capital Hill on Wednesday November 16, according to an article by the Associated Press to urge Congress to tax them more, claiming they are not paying their fair share. The financial crisis caused a deep recession in our economy, and there are many individuals who are struggling to make ends meet and to get a job and to live their lives given the economic difficulties. I think there is an apprehensible frustration w ith the difficult economic circumstances that many families are experiencing now and a desire for change. There is one cost associated with Occupy Wall Street that is readily available, and that is the cost incurred by police as they patrolled the movement, originally in a watchdog status, and eventually as they cleared protestors from parks throughout the country.According to the Associated Press, as of November 24, taxpayers had paid at least $13 million in police overtime and municipal services. This includes $7 million in New York and $2. 4 million in Oakland, which faces a budget gap of $58 million this year. Utilitarianism is the moral doctrine that we should always act to produce the greatest possible balance of in effect(p) over bad for everyone affected by our actions. The interests of the community are simply the sum of the interest of its members. An action promotes the interests of an individual when it adds to the individuals pleasure or diminishes the persons pain.The re are six points that need to be considered about utilitarianism. First, when deciding which action will produce the greatest happiness, we must consider gloominess or pain as well happiness. Second, actions affect people to different degrees. Third, because utilitarians evaluate actions according to their consequences and because actions produce different results in different circumstances, almost anything energy in principle, be morally right in some particular situation. Fourth, utilitarians wish to maximize happiness not simply immediately but in the long run as well.Fifth, utilitarians acknowledge that we often do not know with certainty what the future consequences of our actions will be. Finally, when choosing among possible actions, utilitarianism does not require us to disregard our own pleasure, nor should we give it added weight. Immanuel Kant sought moral principles that do not rest on contingencies and that define actions as inherently right or malign apart from any particular circumstances. He believed that moral rules can, in principle, be known as a result of reason lone and are not based on observation. Kantian theory uses the categorical imperative which says that we can will the maxim of our action to become a planetary law. By maxim, Kant meant the inseparable principle of an action, the principle that people in effect formulate in determining their conduct. Another way of looking at the categorical imperative is universal acceptability. Each person, through his or her own acts of will, legislates the moral law. Because reason is the same for all rational beings, we all give ourselves the same moral law.In other words, when you answer the question What should I do? you must consider what all rational beings should do. You can embrace something as a moral law only if all other rational beings can also embrace it. It must have universal acceptability. In addition to the principle of universal acceptability, Kant explicitly offered anot her, very notable way of formulating the core idea of his categorical imperative. According to this formulation, as rational creatures we should always treat other rational creatures as ends in themselves and never as only means to our ends.Virtue ethics is identified as the one that emphasizes the rights, or moral character, in contrast to the approach which emphasizes duties or rules or that which emphasizes the consequences of actions. Out of the theories, utilitarian, Kantian, and virtue ethics, I believe the Occupy Wall Street movement tries to follow the utilitarian theory. The movement is attempting to end the relationship built on money and donations mingled with our elected officials and corporate interests.They want a system that operates in the interest of the people and to empower people to be a part of the process. They say they represent the 99 percent, and trying to make a change to have equal distribution of wealth for the country, which is what they feel is the b est interest of the country as a whole. The income inequality and unequal wealth distribution in the United States is something that has been building over time and is not really any one person or companies fault. Many of the wealthy have earned the money by working hard to get to where they are now.There are many issues involved in the wealth distribution in our country, including that many of the poor have gotten poorer due to the lack of jobs as well as the fact that many of the mortgage companies allowed people to get into more debt by handing out home loans to people who wanted to purchase homes way out of their price ranges. This is also the fault of the people who got themselves into those positions. I am not sure if there is an equitable outcome from this movement, but I am sure this movement will continue, and if not, there will be another movement similar to this one.

Divorce & marriage Essay

People from broken families are less likely to have successful marriages. This is because of the psychological implications such(prenominal) families bring into their life. According to available psychological evidence, divorce is a major cause of emotional stress and depression (Clarke-Stewart, & Brentano, 2006). Depression as a psychological impairment has been evidently found to factor much in compromising the social life of the victim. Such individuals are marked with lack of hope for the future, a factor that only serves to negate their chances of engaging in successful marriage.Another commonly cited potential implication of divorce on pincerren is that it can cause prejudicious perception of a particular gender by the child. According to available statistical evidence, it is clear that due to the social and economic hardships experienced by children by and by the divorce of their parents, most tend to develop hatred against one gender of the community (Clarke-Stewart, & Bre ntano, 2006). With such a mental setting, an individual finds it a major dispute to accept and appreciate that gender into a binding relationship.This has the direct implication that they are less likely to engage in successful marriages. Still, the sustainable structure of address traits in a child is mainly by copying the character traits of the surrounding members of the community (Clarke-Stewart, & Brentano, 2006). This means that their parents are the most influence association members in modeling the character of the child. However, prior to divorce or family breakdown, families are found to have constant conflicts and/or communication failure.Such imply that the character of violence is instilled in the mind of the child. Also, broken families fail to provide the efficient parental love required for modeling reliable social behavior of the child due to the lack of one parent character in the family. All these only negate the children understanding and appreciation of the underlying meaning of marriage. References Clarke-Stewart, A. , & Brentano, C. (2006). Divorce Causes and Consequences. peeled Haven Yale University Press.

Back to the Dreamtime

Back to the Dreamtime wrote by H. Q. Mitchell showed that a teenage Aboriginal boy, Richard, who was a boy raised in white Australian society, in time he never forget to claim himself as an Aboriginal. Therefore, he never give up to find his mystifys burial cause. Richard, his brother, and his best mavin on a journey of self-discovery, mystery and adventure through the Australian outback. In this novel Back to the Dreamtime, there are several main characters, tho I would like to choose Richard and Tom to show the relationship between two of them in this novel.Richard and Tom are full of respect, they do a rush of things together, adventurous, reluctant to separate with families, and also helpful and obedient children. Richard and Tom are equal ages brother, even though Richard was adopted by Toms parents, thats means that they are not natural brother. They showed their respect to each other in this novel. Tom respect Richard and treats Richard as his biological brother. He als o prize Richard as an Aboriginal and accepted him. Richard respects Joe and Sonya, even though they are only their adoptive parents.Besides, Richard and Tom do a lot of thing together. For an example, they were acting cricket together in the backyard and cleaned the attic together, so that they found the aboriginal carving on the attic. The most important is Tom went together with Richard to find his commences burial ground. This showed that they prefer do a lot of thing together. Furthermore, both of them are adventurous. They are courageous to find Richards fathers burial ground without bring along with their parents.This showed that they have the spirit to adventure. Moreover, they brave to face the challenges and do not fear anything that may be will happened on them. In addition, they reluctant to separate with families. After Richard had found his fathers burial ground, he should leave with Tom and Bradley, however Richard decided to stay at Hermannsburg Mission to help wit h odd jobs around. Tom showed his reluctant to leave his brother Richard. Richard also reluctant to leave his families so he asked Tom to take tuition himself hen he was waved goodbye to him. Last but not least, Richard and Tom are helpful and obedient children. Tom showed his helpful when he helped Richard to find his fathers burial ground at Uluru. It can be proved by when Richard said to Tom I couldnt have done this without your help. convey you for your support. They are obedient children because they listened to their parents when their parents asked them to clean the attic, they cleaned the attic without any objection. This showed they are obedient.In conclusion, I learned a lot of moral value between Richard and Tom. They are same ages brother but they dont have many argument. In this condition, they showed love to each other. Moreover, Tom helped Richard to find his fathers burial ground with his sincere heart. Richard also get along very well with his adoptive families. The theme I learn in this novel is love is powerful. Richards parents, Sonya and Joe was confused about Richard. But they still allowed him to go to Alice Springs because they know it is important for him.

Procter & Gamble Global Business Services: A Case Study Essay

A Time to Make a Change at P&G some of the signs and signals experienced by an organization which indicates that it is measure to make a change are experiencing rapid harvest-tide or a decline in growth, a decline in productivity, a decline in resources, stakeholder pressures on management, environmental crises, sociopolitical influences on the organization, environmental turbulence and changes to customer expectations and behavior. The highly competitive global grocery storeplace where Procter & Gamble operates is forcing the company to continuously do more with less.Advancements in technology, the pace of competition, globalization, the need to control greet and the increased efficiency coupled with the increasing customer expectations mean that the organization has to evolve and regenerate in order to survive. This is all the more important because if business has to know anything about the future, it is that it volition be antithetical from the present. Whatever is, will c hange. Theres no way to avoid it. But it can be managed. The inevitable changes in the organization will take P&G to a higher level, and will bring them to overbold avenues opened up for growth, in the face of the increasingly boundless global market that the nature of the consumer goods business is mercilessly made to put up with.Communicating Change to EmployeesWithin the public management literature, John Kotter (1996) has put forward an eight-stage model on how to successfully manage change. This is very applicable to the situation in P&G and comprises of (1) communicating a sense of urgency (2) creating a visual sense (3) communicating the vision (4) forming a powerful coalition (5) empowering others to act (6) planning short-term wins (7) consolidating change and (8) institutionalizing new approaches. He argues that change leaders should communicate their vision in many different forums over and over again if they wish to develop an effective implementation strategy.The qu estion of what to communicate should be all teaching that interrelate employees in their work in order to inform, to convince and to determine action during a time when the employees are most confused and apprehensive of the circumstances within the firm. The matter of when to communicate should be at all times, when there are new developments in the change that seems to be in the scope of interrelate of the employees, as they would naturally ant to be informed of any progress that the transition is taking. Effective discourse in times of change helps facilitate smoother change management.RecommendationsOne effective strategy to conquer expected rejectance is to think beyond it. The Procter & Gamble management must attend to the more peculiar(prenominal) reasons for resistance, such as loss of control or loss of self-efficacy, to diagnose problems more accurately and to sweep over them more efficiently and effectively (Dyer, Dalzell and Olegario, 2004). It must also be kept i n mind the context of the change and focus on explanations other than individual resistance for why change may non be successfully implemented. Likewise, senior management must think beyond the wisdom that people resist change by challenging themselves to consider the role they, as change leaders may mash in creating resistance.The unavoidable changes in corporate culture should be supported through revamping internal reenforce systems and introducing training programs in order to improve result orientation among employees. It sold its rigorous training to potentiality recruits during that time in much the same way that the US Army sells its educational opportunities to its own recruits. two integration programs are seen as useful for these types of changes training & development and reinforcement. Training and development, as any purpose that would be reached would inevitably bring about change within the company. Reinforcement is necessary also, in which the mental faculty will become so used to the changes that the tendency to resist it fades as they are bound to ultimately follow such policies if they are to stay in the organization and contribute to its continued growth.WORK CITEDDyer, D., Dalzell, F. & Olegario, R. (2004). come up Tide Lessons from 165 Years of Brand Building at Procter & Gamble. Massachusetts Harvard Business School Publishing.Kotter, J. (1996) guide Change. Harvard Harvard Business School Press.

How Does Mccarthy Tell the Story in Pages 229-241?

In this extract, McCarthy conveys the anticlimax of the protagonist and his newss arrival at the Cold. Desolate. Birdless. environment of the beach. McCarthy juxtaposes the bleakness of the landscape with the boys optimism in revise to highlight the boys inherent goodness. McCarthy tells the story using narrative voice in this segment of the text. He contrasts the third person extradiegetic storyteller with the mans interior monologue in value to convey multiple perspectives to the reader. Hed left the cart in the bracken beyond the dunes and theyd taken blankets with them and sat wrapped in them in the wind-shade of a great driftwood log. Here, McCarthy constructs the lexis of the third person narrator using what some critics have called a limited linguistic palette. The polysyndeton creates a steady rhythm, which parallels the rhythm of the trip the man and boy argon on, which is, like the sentence, seemingly never-ending. Here the narrator presents the reader with a concre te accounting of the man and boys response to the disappointment of the beach, detailing their movements with unelaborated, unemotional language.The pared back language poignantly conveys the sense that the bleakness of the beach was inevitable. In contrast, the tricolon Cold. Desolate. Birdless, is clearly the mans interior monologue. The ternary adjectives highlight the extent to which the reality of the beach does not live up to the characters expectations of it. Where they had hoped for warmth when heading s outh, or else they found cold. Where they had hoped for a more habitable climate, they found a desolate environment. Where they had hoped for life, they had found a birdless environment.Thus, the tricolon conveys the mans disappointment to the reader. McCarthy utilizes stream of consciousness in order to modify the reader to understand the mans emotional response. The narrator is typically unemotive, presenting a pared back account of events and it is thus these rare gl impses into the mans thoughts that enable the reader to empathise with his perspective. McCarthy also manipulates language in order to convey the bleakness of the beach. The Cold. Desolate. Birdless beach has a parallel in the barren. Silent.Godless landscape in the bracings opening pages, creating symmetry in the narrative. Just as the rest of the narrative is permeated with metaphorical ash, so the beach too is describes as gray, with the gray squall line of ash. This lexical clusters connoting decay suggests that the beach, like the rest of the world, has been irreparably tarnished by the apocalypse. The simile, like the desolation of some alien ocean breaking on the shore is poignant as the sea is alien, belonging to another world, set off the extent to which the sea has disappointed the man and boy.McCarthy also utilizes structure in order to present this anticlimactical moment to the reader. The writer presents uninterrupted passages of narration and then starkly juxtapose s them with almost two pages of unattributed dialogue surrounded by the protagonist and his son. McCarthy presents the unadulterated dialogue without narrator intrusion, bringing the reader closer to the narrative as if they are experiencing the conversation firsthand. Although McCarthy does not explicitly attribute dialogue to either character, the reader has become accustomed to patterns in spite of appearance the speech of each of the characters.This dialogue is to a certain extent typical of the two characters, with the boy expressing his optimism finished a series of questions. In spite of the desolation, the boy asks, do you think there could be ships out there? and suggests that other humans could also be carrying the fire in spite of negligible demonstration that this could be the case. Furthermore, he suggests that maybe theres a father and his little boy and theyre sitting on the beach. Through the boys dialogue, McCarthy reinforces the sense that the boy could be an holy person or a god in his unwavering optimism.

Marketing ans supplementary services

Inna bid to form a boding relationship with consumers and customers, many musical arrangements by means of their merchandise activities clear engaged in tolerant adjunct operate such as supernumerary work to argument or facilitate the outcome service or nitty-gritty point of intersection sell by the arranging, after sales function, continuous enlightenment and communication to consumers on how to in force(p)ly utilize their products or service, among some others. The appurtenant operate provided by an makeup in its marketing strategy this is a steering of retaining the scorn of old customers and winning the trust of new ones.As the strategy of retaining old customers is more cost effective than sourcing for new ones this secondary service provision is a good way of increasing the wed among the organization and its customers. harmonize to Stern (1997), Bonding is an increasingly popular marketing strategy in which services marketers seek to establish personal lo ng- term bonds with consumers so that current ones may be retained. Retention is outright considered a more cost- effective strategy than continual prospecting for new customers, and this is made manifest by a firms commitment to the relationship as an enduring one. Thus, enduring commitment to an organizations relationship to its customers, it is adequately expressed via the level of supplementary services made available for them.Thus, the purpose of supplementary services and goods provision by an organization to its customers would be looked upon.SUPPLEMENTARY go IN GOODS AAND SERVICES PROVIDING ORGANIZATIONAn organization provides heart and soul services and goods to its customers. This nucleus services or products ar the main organizations operation which they render or sell to customers. According to Iacobucci (2001323), An organization that provides services, either as its primal provision or in a value-added capacity in a bundle of attributes accommodated in a custom ers purchase of some goods, may find it useful to distinguish those elements of the services purchase experience that be core from the supplemental. Therefore core services or core product of an organization is that function that forms the business identity.For example, a car manufacturing company will have its core product as the finished cars sold to customers. On the other hand supplementary goods or services are those additional services that an organization gives to customers as a way to augment the core goods or services that was purchased or rendered by the organization. The supplementary services are the components of the service delivery system that are intended to facilitate and enhance the customers experience (ibid). using the car manufacturing organization over again to illustrate, its supplementary services may be that it have a car servicing center, repairs to brakes, sells spare move for its brand of cars, dethaw a driver training school etc.Looking at the core a nd supplementary service of an organization that is service base, for example, an airline organization will have as its core service the transportation of passengers from one city to another. Its supplementary services would include the provision of movies and meals for passengers on board, the in operation(p) of a frequent flyer accounts (E.g. Air China gives its frequent flyer a Mileage Awards and run a club for its frequent flyers), conveniently located hubs etc. Also, a business center for data processing and photocopy services as its core may have supplementary services as sending of fax messages, sending of overnight express packages etc.The illustrated examples go to buttress the fact that supplementary services is applicable to both an organization that deals in goods and services.THE ROLE OF SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICESSupplementary services plays a vital role in making customers satisfy with the core goods or services they pull in from an organization. The supplementary goods facilitate and view the customer have a quick satisfying experience from the role of the core services or goods from an organization. According to Iacobucci (2001321), In an attempt to create distinct advantage managers very much seek to provide added value to customers and enhance their corporate competitive advantage by offering reveal customer service. Hence, the provision of supplementary services to customer is a way by which a firm can gain competitive advantage over its rivals.The extra supplementary services goes a long way in putting the organization ahead over its rivals, that is as customers derives additional services they would be made satisfied and this is an advantage to the organization. Proctor (20000, argues that marketing is about satisfying customers wants and needs and in the course of doing so facilitating the achievement of an organizations objectives by paying attention to customers wants and needs organizations are analogously to achieve their objectiv es in the marketplacethey have to compete with each other and also have to satisfy customers wants and needs at least as well their competitors.Supplementary services brings the customers into forming a bond with the organization and hence, creating continuous patronage from the customers. Patronage motives, according to Beckman & Davidson (1967300), stressed in industrial purchasing include accessibility to seller, rapidity of delivery, terms of sale and reliability of repair services, history of satisfactory business relationships, and other similar rational consideration. Supplementary services helps in winning the continuous patronage of customers.For example, when a customer who buys television sets for his retail sales from an organization that offers supplementary repairs services, the retailer would be rest assures that if there is problem with any of the set, he stays to get expert to repair them from the organization. Thus, his patronage of the organization product would continue, and that bond would be established between him and the organization.Supplementary services also play the role of giving customers the ability to assess the level of atonement they get from the core services or utility derived in consuming an organizations product. For example, patience in a hospital may base his satisfaction on what he derives while being admitted as an in-patient.This could come in supplementary services as the meal served, how conducive the environment is in terms of facility provided, and a clean environment, question like was the television in the ward too loud or in a good submit? All these supplementary services which are not the core service from the hospital would go a long way in making the patient form his judgment on how satisfied he is with the core service from the organization.HOW TO RELATE SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICES WITH AN ORGANIZATIONS MARKETING STRATEGYThe supplementary services rendered by an organization should be established with a focus to helping the organization effectively market its core services or core products. Thus, it is germane that these supplementary services are a streamlined in the direction of how effectively the organization could attain its corporate objectives. According to Proctor (2000), a strategy is a plan that integrates an organizations major goals, policies, decisions and sequences of action into a cohesive undivided.Thus, it is germane that the provision of supplementary services is targeted towards enhancing the organizations core functions in order to make it effectively meet its goals and objectives. The need to make vital decision on what to bring up as supplementary service sis important in meeting the significant that goes along with the service creation. According to Lazar (1971), an organization can derive good intelligent decision through in fundamental law gotten from assessing marketing alternatives and adjust to dynamic market conditions. Thus the provision of supplementary services should be done with the cognition of change in the environment where the organization operates.CONCLUSIONThe provision of supplementary services is an effective way of satisfying the desires of customers. And this is applicable to organization operating in services provision and goods production. Continuous patronage and the formation of bond between customers and the organization is enhanced and facilitated through supplementary service provision. Hence, the establishment should align its supplementary services or goods to be intone with its core functions, so as to effectively meet the organizations objectives and long term goals.REFRENCESBeckman, Theodore N & Davidson, William R. (1967), marketing New York Ronald Press Co.Iacobucci, Dawn (2001), Services Marketing and Customers Service in Iacobucci, Dawn (ed.) Kellogg on Marketing. New York WileyLazar, William (1971), Marketing management A Systems Perspective. New York outhouse Wiley & SonsProctor, Tony (2000), Strat egic marketing An Introduction. London RoutledgeStern, Barbara B. (1997), Advertising Intimacy relationship Marketing and the Service Consumer in ledger of Advertising. Vol. 26, No. 4

Animal Rights and Human Wrongs Essay

ar in that location limits on how gentle beings can legitimeatly hold dear non-human animals? Or can we treat them proficient any way we please? If at that place atomic number 18 limits, what are they? Are they sufficiently strong, as som e peop le supp ose, to lead us to be veg etarians and to se riously curtail, if non eliminate, our wasting disease of non-human animals in scientific experiments designed to benefit us? To fully ap preciate this question let me contrast it with devil different is Are in that location limits on how we can legitimately treat rocks? And are there limits on how we can legitima tely treat other human beings? The an swer to th e initiative ques tion is pre suma bly No. Well, thats not q uite right. There are som e limits on what w e can le gitimate ly do with or to rocks. If Paula has a pet rock, then Susan cant justifiably pee it away or jam it with a sledge hammer. afterwards all it is Paulas rock. Or if there is a rock of ludicrous beau ty or special human interest say the Old Man of Hoy or Mt. Rushmore it would be unconnected , and pro bably im mora l, for me to te ar it down , to deface it, or to chisel o ut a sectio n to hire in my ca tapult. These limits though, arise not from any subscribe concern for the rocks quite, they are imposed beca habituate of the interests a nd rights of other h uman s. Susan cant take Paulas rock for the same reason she cant take Paulas eraser it is Paulas and Paula has a right to those things which are hers. And no one ca n destro y or defa ce items of specia l natural b eauty because by doing so one is in look atly harming the interests of other humans in them. So there are limits on what we can legitimately do to inanim ate objects, but whatever limits there are arise from rough human concern.1 Not so for our handling of other humans. We suppose that it is inappropriate to treat a human being just any way we wish.I cannot steal another(prenominal) human that would be kidnap ping. Nor can I sm ash so meon e with a sleigh that would be, depending on the outcome, assault, attempted m urder, or murder. And the reason I cannot do these things has nothing to do with what third gear parties d o or don t want. It has to do with the interest and desires of that particular person. It is wrong for Susan to crap Paula , not beca use oth er peo ple like Paula or because other people would be offended, but because Paula is a person. Period. Thus, there is a summercaterdamental contrast between those objects which we can treat as we please (excep t when limited by the interests of other humans) and those which we canno t. Ordinary rocks fall into the first camp humans, into the later. Now, what about nonhuman animals? Do they fall into the first or the se cond c amp? Or som ewhe re in between? There are reasons to believe that many an(prenominal) animals and certainly the higher-order anima ls are more like humans than they are like rocks.Thus, we entertain rea son to believe there are constraints on how we can legitimately treat them, regard little of our particular wishes and desires. Or so I shall argue. For the moment I will simply line that these are beliefs which intimately of us already have. That is, most of us presume that it is illegitimate to treat animals just anyway we wish. For exam ple, mo st of us be lieve it is wrong to wanto nly kill or torture a higher o rder m amm al. Suppose we discover that whatsoever member of our commun ity, say Jones, has a role of picking up stray dog s or cats a nd dec apitating them w ith his hom e-ma de guillo tine 2 or we learn he has invented a machine which draws and quarters them. He uses these machines because he revels in th e anim als unhinge, b ecaus e he relis hes in the sight of blood or maybe he is a scientist who w ants to stu dy their re action to stress. In this case we rightly surmise that Jones is immoral. We wouldnt want him to be our pre sident, our friend, our next door neighbor, or our son-in-law.In short, we all expect to agree that they a re limits on how we can properly treat nonhuman animals, and that these limits arise becau se of the n ature of th e anim als, not m erely because of the de sires of oth er hum ans to see an imals trea ted we ll. That is, practically(prenominal) acts are wrong not merely because other humans are bothered by them. We would mobilise them equa lly wrong if they were secretly done so that no one else in the community knew about them. We find they are wrong because of what it does to the animal. On the other hand, we are also part of a culture which rather cavalier ly uses a nimals for food, for clothes, for research in the development of new drugs, and to determine the safety of household products. And many of these u ses req uire inflicting a great d eal of pa in on animals.Record of such uses is quick available in various academic journals, and chronicled by num erous writers on the topic. 3 and for the lecturer who might be unfamiliar with them, let me briefly describe two ways in which we use animals ways which inflict substantial trouble oneself on them. Anima ls who are raised for food are on the face of it raised with the express purpose of making a profit for the sodbuster. Nothing surprising. But the implications of this are direct and obvious and deleterious to the an imals. There are two ways for a farmer to increase her profit. maven is to get higher prices for her goods, the other is to spend less producing those goods. Since there is a limit on how much people will pay for meat, there is substantial financia l pressu re to dec rease th e expe nse of p roducin g the m eat.This under standa bly leads to over-crowding after all the more animals a farmer can get into a smaller space, the less it costs to produce the meat. There are like pressures to restrict the animals fallment. The less the animals move, the less they eat, thus decreasing the farmers expense. For ins tance, farmers who raise chickens are prone to put them in small battery cages. They are commonly kept eight to ten to a space smaller than a newspaper page. Unable to walk around or even misdirect their wings much less build a nest the birds be come vicious a nd attac k one a nother .4 The average person seems equally unfamiliar with the extensive use of animals in laboratory experim ents.Ma ny of thes e are of o nly mo derate significan ce 5 most of the them involve extensive spite on animals. For instance, N.J. Carlson gave hig h voltag e electric shocks to sixteen d ogs an d found that the h igh-sho ck grou p acqu ired an xiety faster. Or researchers in Texas constructed a pneumatically driven plunger to pound an anvil into the skulls of thirteen monkeys. When it didnt immediately produce concussions, the researchers increased the strength of the piston until it produced cardiac damage, hemorrhages and brain dama ge. 6 Or researchers at Harvard placed baby mice and ba by rats into cages with starving adult male rats. The adults ate them. The researchers conclusion hunger is an important drive in animals.(That, of course, is some thing we are sho cked to learn we would have never kno wn this fact otherwise). T HE O PTIONS Now, how d o we sq uare o ur abso lute revu lsion at ou r hypoth etical Jones with his animal guillotine, and our rather blithe acceptance of the discourse of animals on the farm and in the scientific and co mme rcial labo ratories? It is not imm ediately clear tha t we can . What is clear, it seems, it that we have three options, three alternative beliefs about our treatment of anim als. Thes e are 1) If we are repulsed by Jones treatment of stray animals, we are simply being inappr opriately or unduly squeamish or sympathetic. We should have no aversion to killing, torturin g, or usin g anim als in any way w e pleas e, unles s, of course, that anima l is some one els es prop erty, that is, he r pet.2) There are reasons wherefore we should treat non-human animals better than we treat rocks nonetheless, there are also reasons why we can use non-huma n anim als in ways we could never legitimately use humans. 3) We should be treating non-human animals more like we soon treat humans. Many of our accepted ways of using animals are, in fact, morally objectionable. The first position, it seems, is completely untenable. No sensible person , I think, is willing to adop t a position which s ays that to rturing a nimals for fun is completely acceptable no one is willing to say that Jones is a fit mem ber of so ciety. This b elief, it seem s, is virtually unshakable.Most of you understood perfectly well what I meant when I describe d Jone ss behavior as torture. But this claim would be nonsense if we thought there were no moral limits on how we could treat animals.7 So we are left with the la tter option s. And, of course, which one we choose, will have a fluid dramatic impact on the lives of humans and of other animals. One necessary clarification to say that animals should be treated more like humans is not to say that they should be treated exactly like humans. For instance, we guide not consider giving animals the right to take, the right to rationalize religious expression, or the right of free speech. As far as I can ascertain, most an imals do nt have the necessary capabilities to exercise these rights. However, the same is true of very untested children and of se verely retarded adults.That is why they dont have these rights either the y lack the inevitable capacities. Nonetheless, the mere fact that some adult humans are not given the right to vote does n ot mea n it is legitimate to have them for lunch or to test bleach in their eyes. So why assume it is so for animals? W HY ANIMALS SHOULDNT SUFFER NEED LESS PAIN Until outright I have been trying to identify our own deeply held convictions about restriction s on the prope r treatme nt of anim als. Now it is high clip to try to off er a positive defense of our quotidian understa nding a defense which will have even more radical implications that we might have supposed. That is, I want to argue for option three above I want to a rgue tha t there are rather strin gent lim its on wh at it is morally permis sible to do to anima ls. More s pecifically ,I wish to argue that we should all b ecom e vege tarians a nd that w e shou ld dram atically curtail, if not eliminate, our use of laboratory animals. Though there are numerous arguments which can be offered in this rega rd, I want to admit one particular claim that we should not inflict need less inconvenience oneself on anim als. Before I go on I should make it clear what I mean by free pain. The point can be made most clear by use of an analogy. Contrast the following cases 1) I nick my daughters arm with a needle for no apparent reason (though we neednt assume I derive any sadistic recreation from it). 2) I am a physician and I inoculate her against typhoid . What differentiates these cases? In both I prick her arm in both (let us presume) I inflict same amounts of pain. Yet we consider the last mentioned not only ju stifiable, bu t possibly obligato ry the former we consider sadistic. Why? Because it inflicts unne cessar y pain. M y daug hter doe s not in any way benefit from it.Thus, unnecessary pain is that which is inflicted on a sentient (feeling) creature when it is not for the good of that particular creature. The latter is necessary pain it is pain which the creature suffers for her own good. There are two main premises in my argument. The first is the factual claim that anima ls do, in fact, feel pa in. The second is the claim that the potential of animal throe severe ly limits what we can justifiably do to them, it constrains the way we can legitima tely use them. That an imals fee l pain That anima ls do feel p ain see ms rela tively unc ontrove rsial. It is a belief we all share. As I noted earlier we couldnt even make s ense of torturing an animal if we fictive it was incapa ble of feeling pain. Nor could we understand being repulsed at Joness use of stray anima ls unless we thought the animals suffered at Joness hands. If Jones collected abandoned tin cans and cut them to pieces w ith his guillo tine, we m ight think J ones te rribly odd, bu t not imm oral. But more can be said.We have more than adequate behavioral try out that anima ls feel pain and that they can suffer. Most of us have seen a dog which has been struck by a car, though not killed instantaneously. The dog convulses, bleed, and yelps. Less drastically, most of us have, at some time or another, stepped on a cats tail or a dogs paw and ha ve witne ssed the anima ls reaction . The reaction, unsurprisingly, is like our own reaction in similar cases. If someone steps on my hand, I w ill likely yell and attempt to move my hand. But we ne ednt res t the case on beh avioral e videnc e thoug h it does seem to m e to be more than sufficien t. We should also note that we share important anatomical structures with higher o rder an imals. A human beings central nervous center is unmistakably similar to that of a chimpanzee, dog, pig, and even a rat.That is not to say the brains are exactly alike they arent. The rational cortex in human beings is more highly de velope d than in most mamm als (though not noticeably so wh en compare d with a dolphin or a with child(p) Ap e) but the cortex is the location of our higher brain fun ctions, for e xamp le, the sea t of thoug ht, speech, and so on However, the areas of the brain which neurophysiologist identity as the pain centers are virtua lly identica l betwee n hum an and non-h uman anima ls. Accord ing to evolutionary biology this is exactly w hat we should expec t. The pa in centers worke d well in enhancing the excerpt of lower species, so they were altered only slightly in succeeding evolutionary stages. H igher br ain func tions, how ever, are condu cive to survival , and thus, have led to more dramatic advances in cerebral development. given(p) all this, it seems undeniable that many animals do feel pain. That they feel pain is morally relevant So what? someone might aim. Even if animals do feel p ain, why should that limit or at least se riously restrict our treatment of them? Why cant we still use them for our purposes, whatever those purposes happen to be? Lets turn the question around for a moment and ask why we think we should be able to use them for our purposes, given that they are capable of suffering? After all, we are staunc hly opposed to inflicting unnecessary pain on human beings. If animals can also feel pain, why shouldnt we have the same reluctance to inflicting needless pain on them? A crucial principle of ethics is that we should treat like cases alike. Th at is, we sh ould treat two cases the same unless there is some general and relevant reason which justifies the difference in treatment. Thus, two students who perform e qually well in the same class should get the same grade two who perform rather differently should put on different grades. By the same token, if two creatures feel pain and it is improper to inflict needless pain on one of them , it would likewise be improper to inflict needless pain on the othe r. But the argumen t has pro gresse d too qu ickly.This a rgum ent wo rks only if the reason it is wrong to inflict need less pain on the one creature is that it feels pain. If there is some other reason so me rea son wh ich could differentia te hum an from non-h uman anim als then we would not be able to infer that it is illegitim ate to inflict needless pain on animals. Hence, if someone wishes to show that it is not wrong to inflict needless pain on animals, then she must identify some relevant difference between human and non-huma n animals, some differenc e which justifies this d ifference in treatm ent. And, of course , this is just wh at mos t defend ers of ou r presen t treatme nt o f anim als are inclined to do. Tho ugh pe ople on ce rega rded a nimals as non-sentient creatures as mere automata that is no longer so.

Internet Personal Security Is Not Absolute Essay

Internet is the most trending and most widely employ in todays generation, either it is occasiond for communication, used for sharing files and documents, for making new acquaintances, or just for own enjoyment. People drop also use the internet when they indispensability to socialize with others, when they emergency to sh be whats on their mind and the on goings of their lives, when they want to know what the trending topics like news and s mountaindals, or when they want to post some pranks or scum other deal. Internet usability can either be a great help to everyone or it can impose a threat to someone or somebody.People think that when they post something online, whether it is good, bad, privately, or publicly, that information is safely sealed and secured. But the truth is, it can be freely access or easily steal from them. Hacking, viruses, trojans, and especially own self atomic number 18 some of the reasons that threaten internet security. Among all of these examples, hacking is on the top list. Even though there atomic number 18 some laws against hacking like the Republic coiffure No. 10175, also known as the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012, it is not enough assurance to protect the people against hackers and it doesnt improve the internet security. Changes need to be made in the law to increase internet security, and find and punish cyber criminals. Additional laws to stop cybercriminals and necessary, unenforceable, and could impinge upon interest users rights to privacy and the growth of the internet.The issue here is that the internet security is not that secured for users or for people to rely upon. People can hide their files thoroughly or limit the number of people who can access his or her private narration but sooner or later that information allow be publish and revealed publicly with or without his or her approval. There are different explanations on why this information once hidden and now visible seen by many people, but the most cat valium reason is that your file/ information is being hacked, it can be an expert hacker or you stimulate been chosen for someones prank or hobby. In strict definition of hacker, fit to Rouse, M. (October, 2006) Hacker is a term for a clever software engineer who wanted to break into someones computer systems.These are people who enjoy learning details of programming language or system. They want to further their knowledge and skills in a particular computer language. Typically, the hacker is either proficient programmer or engineer with technical knowledge on the weakness and vulnerability of the computer system. (Rouse, M. (October, 2006). Definition hacker. pursuit Security. Retrieved on January 23, 2013 from http//searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/hacker).Like the given definition, because of the hackers hobby of exploring and gaining more knowledge on his preferred programming language, he impart not give a care on whose account he is butchering, as long a s he increases his understanding and skills on his chosen subject. He will not consider if it is personally- owned or governing-owned accounts, as long as it interests him, he will do anything on his power to hack that website. Like for example the issue of hacking some government and civil company websites in the Philippines. According to Kabiling, G. D. (October 2, 2012) The Anonymous Philippines (as what the hackers describe theirselves) hacked different government and civil society websites, namely natural law Community Relations Group (PCRG) of the Philippine National Police (PNP), Maritime Industry Authority (Marina), apt Property Office (IPO), and Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). The reason for their attacked is to voice out their avouch and opinions on implementing the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012. (Kabiling, G. D. (October 2, 2012). More Govt Websites Hacked Cybercrime law in effect starting Wednesday. capital of the Philippines Bulletin Pu blishing Corporation. Retrieved on January 24, 2013 from http//www.mb.com.ph/articles/375681/more-gov-t-websites-hacked.UQGDCScUuBw).There is also a hacking issue on American banks, which concord to Staff, R. (September 20, 2012) The hacking of websites and corporate networks at Bank of America, JP Morgan Chase & Co and Citigroup began in late 2011 and escalated this year. According to one of their sources, the attacks were in response to U.S. sanctions on Iranian banks.The two issues are both similar and different. It is similar because they reported nearly different hackers interfere someones computer system. Different because on the premier issue, hacking the government websites, the hackers introduced their group and post the reason why they block the websites and on the second issue, the hacker denied their interest group even though many evidences are pointing towards them.Hacking is the most dangerous hobby. Even though the Philippine government implemented the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012, it cannot give assurance on protecting the people. The Philippine government mustiness change this law and focus more on the most problematic cybercrime issues. Government must fix the internet security in order to lessen the attacks of the hackers to the innocent people who freely use the internet. And in order to accomplish the changes they must first know why the internet security is absolute? Who are the people affected and can use the internet security? How someone knows if the internet security they use can either be helpful or can trigger harm to them?