Organisational Change and Development. Why are there different Essay

Organisational Change and Development. Why are there different perspectives on transfigure within organizations - Essay ExampleOrganizational change has suffer the popular management theme. The main question whether organizational change is desirable is positively answered by most of the authors. But at the same time the authors do not go with the same kind of changes and on the basis of their different views, the reason for undergoing change also varies. But these authors substantiate in common their congest for change in a positive and reasoning(prenominal) manner. According to Boonstra there are two common approaches which are applied to achieve the desired changes in the organization. Therefore the two approaches are planned change and organizational development approach. These approaches are based on the assumption that an organization needs to be balance both internally that is within the organization and secondly with the outside world. The change process can be well plan ned in a rational manner and can be controlled by means such as analysis of the environment, formulation of the goal, development and implementation of strategy. Feedback and interventions plays a role in positive the change process (Ven, 2011, p.5). In many organizations there still exists a mismatch between the actual working practice and the current realities of the workforce of the organization. integrity of the reasons for mismatch is the traditional means of working which tends to overlook the diversity of the work finishing. A growing number of men and women likes to work in a way which allows them to fulfil their needs and also spend quality time with their family members or can even take part in the other social activities. For standard the European workers work in a way that allows them to have a life of their own beyond work. Also a study in Britain revealed that the handicraft of a Chartered Accountant which generally demands long working hours, most of the youngst ers is resisting the work dominated lifestyles of their seniors. The youngster believes that they can work more effectively if they have the opportunity to integrate their professional and personal life. But in reality these benefits tends to be constrain for the organization and it assumes that an ideal employee have no responsibilities beyond work. that it is not only the com position of workforce that is changing but the nature of the job is at a flux. With an increase in the globalization of each sector, commonwealth are experiencing an intensification of work. Thus it is not always possible to hold back change but the forces of change can be well utilized or viewed in a positive way (Lewis & Cooper, 2005, p.4). About more than 70% of the change initiatives in the organization either fail or stall prematurely. The goals groom are not achieved, policies are not implemented as well as the customers do not experience any changes or improvement in the organizations services air q uality of the products. And in the process the employees, staff and the middle men gets confused with the entire change process. It has been found out that in ground forces majority of the change implemented no do succeed and turns out to be in vain. Thus it can be said that organizational change are difficult and the reason provided for difficulty in adoption of change includes, policy making and strategic management, the exiting structure of the organization, politics and power in organization, the culture of the organization and uncertainties of individual and resistance to change (Boonstra, 2004, p. 2). Significant change does occur within the organization, such as when a certain

Organizational behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Organizational behaviour - Essay ExampleFor employees or humans in general, mental aspects or brain or mind is the key, which has to be in a highly inspired or motivated state for it to function efficiently. When the mind of the employee is in an inspired or motivated state, then it allow utilize not only its mental part but the whole physical body to effectively carry out all their allocated tasks thereby contribute their best to the organization. Thus inspiring or motivating (both can be used in an interchangeable manner) the employees forms crucial part of organizational functioning or even leadership duties.In organizational setting, employees will carry out their allocated tasks due to personal motivating factors like salary, taking care of their family, professional offset and so on. However, more than those personal pauperizations, if the organization and in particularly its leaders actualize a motivating environment by setting goals and roles to the employees, by well-fa voured them non-financial appreciation, by utilizing the employees strengths and by promoting apt Work-Life balance, then the employees motivational levels will accentuate and that will lead to strong performance by them. These four motivational strategies and curiously leaders role in it was focused in the article How to....inspire your staff by Doug Crawford. Focusing on the above mentioned four motivational strategies discussed by the causality of the article, the report will first review the key motivational theories, followed by how those theories are relevant and connected to those four motivational strategies.At the basic level, motivation can be viewed or termed as the inner drive that would make the humans think as well as act in a particular manner. The term motivation is derived from the Latin word motivus which stands for impelling, moving and driving. (Worsch 2004). Although, it is

Overpopulation is a Real Challenge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 165

Overpopulation is a Real Challenge - Essay ExampleThis short piece of work differs with Professor Ellis.Professor Ellis acknowledges that the sizing of the earth is fixed. However, the point of disagreement is that there is no need to exploit more lands as the ones already in use and technological innovations can go the growth in population. This is totally untrue because, despite the level of technological innovations and inventions, the lands have their limits. According to the SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, overpopulation is a real threat to philanthropy as it has the potential to wipe out the entire mankind. Research in this institution has shown that the cumulative effects of overpopulation would be disastrous given the unforgiving portion of Mother Nature (SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry). Sustainability can only be achieved if the population growth rate is matched by the growth rate of resources. In this case, there is need to increa se the acreage of lands under cultivation so as to match population growth rate and consequently check overpopulation.

Theme Based Malls Essay Example for Free

Theme Based Malls EssayThe development of unorganized retailing into an organized one in the form of shopping malls was a new concept for India until recent years. With the changing shopping needs and aspirations, consumers are finding it easier to shop at malls where a wide choice of merchandise is operational under one roof which comprises the reasons for the growth of shopping malls in India. Thus bringing hundreds of bulk buyers under one roof is fast emerging as a new concept in the country. It gives a far better ambience removing the hustle and bustle of the narrow lanes of market.Malls have changed the way people utilise to shop but its time when malls too are changing. The emerging concept of themed based malls also called as specialty malls has changed the traditional outlook of the regular ones. They erect better shopping experience to their guests. The themed based mall caters specific need of the people and have specific target market segment. The success of thes e malls is entirely open upon the catchment areas, diversity with the product category and brands, the demand of the product/brands in the city and overall experience in the mall by the niche segment of customers.In such kind of malls, the range of goods plays a critical role in attracting customers. India is still a nascent market for this kind of malls. These malls are now operate in many cities in India including tier 2 and 3. Prosperous northern cities like Jalandhar, Ludhiana, and Patiala are developing importance among retailers for theme based malls catering to niche customers for automobiles and jewellery. whatever of the theme based malls existing in India are- Gold Souk (jewellery malls), Wedding Mall, Electronic Mall, Auto Mall, etc.With a rapidly expanding population of high net deserving individuals, India has become one of the worlds five largest markets for luxury products and this sector is expected to grow at a rate of 15-20 percent per annum over the next five years. accord to the retailers association of India these malls will take up 10% of the total malls in India in near future. There is great diversity in the Indian customer base and developers are beginning to understand the particular needs and aspirations of different market segments.In the last ten years, there has been a proliferation of traditional malls across India but demand is now creating a focus on niche markets and the necessity to provide differentiated shopping experiences. Success here is not judged by footfall but by high conversion rates as they target serious buyers. Research has also shown that the conversion rate for customer walk-ins into gross revenue are as high as 70 to 80% in speciality malls as compared to 8% to 10% in traditional malls. The entry of nonionic players into retail development and mall management in India would help address issues like project execution and operational efficiency.The concept of theme-based retailing is likely to gain more momentum in the coming years. For India to grow further in this industry, it will require investment by both domestic and foreign players, attracting internationalistic retail investors wanting to enter newer markets. The ramping up of operations with big investments by both domestic and foreign participants in retail is likely to facilitate greater diversification, leading to the growth of specialty malls, thus transforming fundamental shopping format to unique selling proposition/concept.

An analysis of why economic sanctions are good Essay Example for Free

An analysis of why stinting sanctions atomic number 18 good EssayA someone may cause evil to others non besides by his exercises but by his in military action, and in either case he is justly accountable to them for the injury. prank MillsOR Senator John Kerry once said We must retool our nation to prepare for the challenge we already face to maintain our position in the global economy. And this much is certain America exit not have national security without economic security.Therefore, I negate the resolution thatResolved scotch sanctions ought not to be apply to achieve foreign insurance objectivesDefinitions scotch Sanctions- Economic penalties, such as stoppage of trade and financial transactions, imposed upon a country to force compliance with another countrys or UNs or WTOs demands. (businessdictionary.com)Ought- used to express obligation.Foreign Policy- the policy of a sovereign state in its interaction with other sovereign states.Objectives- an aim, goal, or end of action.(In case of argumentation relating to resolve not confined to U.S.A)Sovereign- one that exercises supreme authority within a curb sphere.All unspecified definitions are from Merriam WebsterCore Value Societal Welfare- What is best for most of societyValue Criterion- The neg shall prevail if I can prove that economic sanctions are a worthwhile method to achieve foreign policy objectives. But the aff shall prevail if, and only if he can prove otherwiseC1 yen economic sanctions are needed to compel foreign leaders.The resolution calls for a general ban on economic sanctions in dealing with foreign policy objectives. One of the foremost arguments against sanctions is the harm they may potentially bring. But these potential harms are mostly caused the imposition of broad, wide-ranging sanctions. But not all sanctions are harmful- on that point are good sanctions. The sanctions in the 21st century are targeted and narrow, not general. One of the common criticisms of econ omic sanctions is that they have injured civilian populations in the past. The problem with this line of reasoning is that it assumes that there is only one type of sanction to use, and that this type of sanctioning must necessarily hurt civilians. Most countries flat understand that wide, indiscriminate sanction use may be counterproductive, so they take a smarter, tailored approach to economic sanctions that make sanctions more liable(predicate) to achieve their policy objectives. Many countries now tailor their sanctions to specific goods. For example, umteen countries place specific sanctions on narcotics related items or on substantials that could be used to make weapons.These tailored sanctions still allow civilians to meet their basic needs, but also make it so that rogue states are unable to use their material resources to cause further harm. Additionally, economic sanctions are now being used to freeze assets and limit the travel of high ranking state officials, which puts pressure only on them to change their countrys policies. These smart sanctions create an opportunity for change without the harms that occurred from past sanctions. Another line of argument for the Neg is the toolbox argument that the Affirmative would remove full of life tools, including targeted sanctions, from the governments disposal. This would lead to a second dilemma, this time for the Affirmative without the carrot and stick of economic sanctions, the government is left with a feather of non-economic sanctions and the bloody spike of war.C2 Economic sanctions are demand foreign policy toolsSo what are the alternatives to sanctions? More slightness and military action. These have the problem of being two extremes meaning that there needs to be something in the middle.Diplomacy is the most obvious alternative. It would be lovely if all foreign policy objectives could be met simply by diplomacy but with contradictory interests, this is never going to happen in all cases . Many countries, particularly dictatorships but quite often also democracies such as the US, feel they can just ignore diplomacy if it is not backed up by anything more than a verbal lashing. Diplomacy needs something sanction it up. At the moment this is the threat of some form of sanction (be it direct economic sanctions or more indirect be reducing the opportunities for that countries firms to operate in your market) or military action of some kind.Using military action as a threat can be extreme. How do you move amidst diplomacy and on to military action without something in the middle to show how serious your country is? If a country does not cogitate your threats, and you dont really inadequacy to attack him you have to be the one to back down. Providing economic sanctions creates a way of hurting him without having to go to the worse stage which is military action. Military action is the obvious hard alternative to sanctions. However it is not always possible. This could be because of domestic politics or because there is other significant actors in the outside(a) system who would react unfavorably to you engaging in military action, or else the consequences might be too severe.There are quite a hardly a(prenominal) problems with military action apart from that it cant always be used due to politics. The most obvious is that it is an immense step up from diplomacy. The country you are going to attack needs to have done something serious to be able to justify an attack. Even if it is justifiable there are problems.Military action relies upon your country being flop and being able to engage in military action whereas anyone can implement some form of sanctions and it is very costly. This is not only of course in terms of monetary cost to your country but also in lives lost and destroyed. There can also me many unintended consequences. You can intend the action to be a small police action but there is no guarantee that your opponent will see it t hat way so he may well strike back escalating towards full scale war. At the other extreme your actions my push a country towards falling apart and becoming a failed state.Yes it provides a very powerful tool for changing a states behavior- but most people would believe that it is not worth keeping the possibility of military action while getting rid of sanctions. Get rid of both and you essentially have no stick at all. States do not always respond to carrots you need to provide a big enough carrot that they can forgo a national interest after all. In the case of two interests being diametrically opposed then this cost could be immense.C3 Violation of Human Rights congenital rights of citizens are selfishly violated by obnubilate leaders of governments. This impacts not only the natural rights of citizens from other countries it also affects the natural rights of their own citizens.a. Citizens of countries oppressed by economic sanctions suffer when intended relief efforts are su ppressed by their own government intercepting supplies. The citizens are never the target, but rather the behaviors of corrupt leaders. innate rights of citizens are denied when a corrupt leader interrupts the harmonious relations and it becomes necessary to impose sanctions. Further, I extend my VPC in that when the naturals rights of other nations are infringed upon by these corrupt leaders, political justification demands punishment in the least destructive trend after diplomacy has failed.b. Citizens are justified to demand their natural rights which are being denied to them by the very government which is supposed to protect them. When corrupt leaders give in to decency and cooperate, the sanctions go away. Sanctions are nothing more than a legalize form of punishment to achieve a defined and acceptable code of behavior.Natural rights of citizens are denied when a corrupt leader interrupts the harmonious relations and it becomes necessary to impose sanctions. Further, I exten d my VPC in that when the naturals rights of other nations are infringed upon by these corrupt leaders, political justification demands punishment in the least destructive manner after diplomacy has failed.Possible RebuttalAlthough careful studies of economic sanctions have cast doubt on their effectiveness, 1 anecdote can be powerful rhetorical tools. A single important case that demonstrates sanctions potential allows advocates to argue that their cause is more akin to the success than to the failures. Frequently, advocates point to the case of sanctions applied in the mid-1980s against the apartheid regime in South Africa as just such a case.On the face of it, South African sanctions appear to have been successful. In chemical reaction to the outrages of apartheid, many countries adopted trade and financial sanctions and a significant amount of foreign investment was withdrawn from SouthAfrica. After the adoption of sanctions, South Africa go through economic difficulty and num erous domestic actors commented on how the economic situation was untenable and required political change. By 1994, Nelson Mandela had been elected President of SouthAfrica. He and other black leaders attributed to economic sanctions a significant role in bringing about the democratic transition.

The strategic planning of Marks and Spencer

The strategicalal planning of tag and Spencer label and spencer started from short stalls becomes one of the uks leading retailers with over 15 million people visiting every year. It is giving to its customers great value clothing, tall quality, stylish produces as well as outstanding quality of food from variant authenticated suppliers.The whole of the circulate revolves around the strategic planning of well renowned accompany marks and spencer, it will explore the external environment, its vivacious business plan, major factors affecting it and the strategic option is to a fault given in this report through which it lowlife overcome the predicted barriers.Companies overviewMarks and spencer is come to existence in 1894 by the partnership of Michael with gobbler Spencer. They employ over 65000 people, running 450 stores and also flourishing international business. In 2007 Marks Spencer (MS) was the UKs largest clothing retailer with a market shargon of 11.1%.Food gross s ales accounted for 49.8% of its UK business and had a market share of 4.3%. The groupsinternational business accounted for 7.1% of turnover and had grown to 219 franchise stores in34 territories worldwide as well as 8 wholly-owned stores in Hong Kong and 13 in the Republic ofIreland. During 2007, it clear 36 new stores including the groups largest ever franchise store in Dubai at 52,000 sq ft. and also opened its first store in Taiwan downstairs a joint venture with President Chain Store Corporation.Strategic wariness provides overall delegacy to the enterprise so Johnson and Scholes define strategy as followsStrategy is the direction and scope of an organization over the long-term which achieves advantage for the organization through its grade of resources within a challenging environment, to meet the needs of markets and to fulfill stakeholder expectations.PEST AnalysisPest analysis is concerned with the environmental captivates on a business. The acronym stands for the poli tical, economic, affectionate and technological issues that could affect the strategic development of a business.PoliticalEuropean Committee purpose to permit free flow of trade among themselves and other countries under foreign trade regulations reserves companies to import their products over time easier than before. MS competitors took advantage of its higher personify structure and bit off some(prenominal) its market share.stintingMS competitors are specialised in niche markets and consumers focus which make them to provide a much better consumers satisfaction. They prefer to import their products from abroad for cost savings, this fact puts MS in a cost disadvantage for a perceived higher quality.SocialConsumers concept in the marketplace has changed they do non sense British products as of high quality. There is a shift in demand for more fashionable clothing. Moreover the price sensitivity of the legal age of the consumers has increased leaving MS in a less competitiv e sic.TechnologicalMedia played major role of communicating new fashions to the customers. This knowledge bottomland be communicated to the designers and producers, so a manufacturer in Thailand or China can be aware of the current fashion trends in UK. Technology theses years are plane more quickly copied than before. Moreover due to the transportation speed a shipment of short letter from a country in far-off Asia will only take a fewer days instead of a preview time period of over a month.environmental (Ecological) sell products produced by suppliers has a much greater affect on the environment on how these products are employ and disposed by consumers. Retailers use a coarse range of raw materials to produce their goods. Because of this, it is critical to manage the use of these materials sensitively and pay proper regard to how they affect natural habitats and bio-diversity.LegalOffering customers high standards of quality product are essential to meet their requiremen ts. MS are known for allowing world class quality products.Porter 5 Forces AnalysisThe quintette force models is basically industry item within which the firm exists and operates. The rationale behind this model is that industry profitability is not determined by the product quality, nor it embodies high or low technology. It is determined by the structure of the industry. M. Porter, Competitive Advantage of Nations, Macmillan, 1990 Porter explains that there are five forces that determine industry drawing card and long-run industry profitability.Threat of new appetizersNew entrants to an industry can raise the level of competition, thereby reducing its attractiveness. The little terror of new entrants largely views on the barriers to entry. High entry barriers exist in some industries whereas other industries are very easy to enter. The most common invent of entry barriers are unremarkably the scale and the investment required to enter an industry as an efficient competito r. In consumer product industry this dimension of competition is well prominent. All the existing domestic companies are well set up, reputed, organized and stable manufacturers in the industry and have their own distinct places in the market. A potential entrant may find it uneconomical to take on existing occupants and if it does the gain of market share at the cost of large capital investment anyways powerful retaliation of existing manufactures. It may take years (at-least 5 6 years) for an entrant to build reputation for product quality no look how large its initial advertising campaign is.Threat of substitutesThe presence of substitute products can trim industry attractiveness and profitability because they limit price levels. The threat of substitute products depends on Buyers willingness to substitute the relative price and performance of substitutes the costs of switching to substitutes The product category Marks and Spencer has is subjected to great threat as differ ent other companies of UK like Primark deals with the same kind of products.Bargaining power of suppliersSuppliers are the businesses that supply materials other products into the industry. The cost of items bought from suppliers (e.g. Raw materials, components) can have a hearty impact on a companys profitability. If suppliers have high bargain power over a company, then in theory the companys industry is less attractive. The bargaining power of suppliers will be high when There are many buyers and few sovereign suppliers there are un recited, highly valued products suppliers threaten to immix forward into the industry.Bargaining power of buyersBuyers are the people who create demand in an industry. The bargaining power of buyers is greater when there are few dominant buyers and many sellers in the industry products are standardized buyers threaten to integrate sternward into the industry suppliers do not threaten to integrate forward into the buyers industry. At the sa me time Pull strategy is followed as bottom up approach where end users pull the preferred product.Intensity of controversyThe intensity of rivalry between competitors in an industry will depend on The structure of competition for example, rivalry is more intense where there are many small or equally sized competitors rivalry is less when an industry has a clear market leader The structure of industry costs for example, industries with high better costs encourage competitors to fill unused capacity by price cutting. Degree of differentiation industries where products are commodities have greater rivalry industries where competitors can differentiate their products have less rivalry. Switching costs rivalry is reduced where buyers have high switching costs i.e. there is a significant cost associated with the decision to buy a product from an alternative supplier Strategic objectives.Swot AnalysisSWOT analysis is an important tool for auditing the overall strategic position of a business and its environment. Once key strategic issues have been identified, they feed into business objectives, particularly marketing objectives. SWOT analysis can be used in conjunction with other tools for audit and analysis, such as PEST analysis and Porters Five-Forces analysis.SWOT ANALYSIS OF MARKS AND SPENCERSStrengthsMarks and Spencer is a powerful defect. It has a reputation for value for money, convenience and a wide range of products all in one store. M S has grown substantially over new-fangled years, and has experienced global expansion. The company has a core competence involving its use of reading technology to support its international logistics system. For example, it can see how individual products are performing country-wide, store-by-store at a glance. IT also supports M S efficient procurement. A focused strategy is in place for human resource management and development. People are key to M S business and it invests time and money in training people, and retaining a developing them.WeaknessesM S is the Worlds largest retailer and control of its empire, despite its IT advantages, could leave it weak in some areas due to the huge span of control. Since M S sell products across many sectors (such as clothing, food, or stationary), it may not have the flexibility of some of its more focused competitors. The company is global, and has a presence in relatively few countries Worldwide.OpportunitiesTo take over, merge with, or form strategic alliances with other global retailers, focusing on specific markets such as Europe or the great China Region. The stores are currently only trade in a relatively small number of countries. Therefore there are tremendous opportunities for forthcoming business in expanding consumer markets, such as China and India. New locations and store types offer M S opportunities to exploit market development. They diversified from large A-one centers, to local and mall-based sites. Opportunities exist fo r M S to continue with its current strategy of large, super centers.ThreatsBeing number one means that you are the target of competition, topically and globally. Being a global retailer means that you are exposed to political problems in the countries that you operate in. The cost of producing many consumer products tends to have fallen because of lower manufacturing costs. Manufacturing cost has fallen due to outsourcing to low-cost regions of the World. This has lead to price competition, resulting in price deflation in some ranges. Intense price competition is a threat.Stakeholders chanceStakeholders Expectation are those without which our strategic analysis will remain incomplete is or so the expectation of stake holders. Stakeholders are those individuals or groups who depend on the governance to fulfil their own goals and on whom the organisation depends. Share holders expectation holds, Corporate governance chain, Formal requirements and boundaries within which strateg y is developed, Organisational stakeholders, Other groups (internal and external) which have expectations and potential influence The expectation of the stake holders of M S conflicts between, Short-term profitability versus growth, Family control versus professional managers, Financial independence versus share/loan funding, Public share possession demands openness and accountability, Cost efficiency may mean job losses, Mass markets may compromise quality, Mass public service provision versus specialist operateGeneric models for strategic planAccording to Porter, Marks and Spencer is followed by a strategic generic model and the main categories areCost leadershipDiffferenciation instructionMarks and Spencer is a fascinating case of a company that has lost its strategic focus. Its story illustrates how even the strongest of businesses cannot afford to take their eyes off the competition.MS lost its way as the UKs leading retailer in the late nineties. Its profits, which had peake d at over 1bn pounds sterling. fell by hall as consumers spurned its clothing. In response to competitive pressure from new and existing players, MS made major changes to its strategy in 1998-2000. These included decisions to more away from its St. Michael brandand to accept credit cards.By 2004 the company was lacing a huge number of issues, including problems with service standards, dated store formats and the alienation of its traditional customer base. MSs stock was falling sharply. The share price, which had been as high as 650p in 1997, had declined to 270p.By this time, Rose had unveiled his recovery strategy selling MS Money buy the Per Una brand refunding around 2.5bn pounds sterling to shareholders closing the new Lifestores concept and some Simply Food stores improving products and services and broadening MSs appeal and customer base.Green express that his offer was final, which meant he would not increase it again for six months unless another bidder appeared. The sha reholders decided to back Rose. Green withdrew his offer and the share price fell back to 340p, which was 60p (or a total of 1.3bn pounds sterling) less than Greens final offer.He faced following challenges while doing this right.Increase sales and market share without losing margins. (Rose has beencoyabout this, putting the emphasis on cost savings.)Cut costs without undermining quality or service. In 2004 MS planned around 300m pounds sterling of cost savings, but understandably a proportion of these in 2005-06 would be needed to cut prices to competitive levels.The recent history of MS highlights the need to manage shareholder value and deliver quickly, especially during turnarounds. In this situation, Rose might find the strategic option grid helpful.This grid has been used by number of major companies, including Tesco and Diageo, to develop strategies. The options for MS includeIncrementalstrategyThis would not really improve MSs long-term competitive advantage and it would be a high-risk approach, because the business would become even more exposed.Float off foodThis would make shareholders better off, since the business is probablyundervalued. It would not be inherently hard to do this.Close more storesThis would focus the company on its key outlets, but it might damage the brand and decrease customer loyalty in the process.Rationalisethe productFor example stop selling mens shoes. This would declutter the business and provide an opportunity for growth.Increase franchise spaceThis would allow in other products, which would create more interest.Strategy of Marks and Spencer to Improve PerformanceMarks Spencer plans to spend 200 million over the next five years on going green strategy as the battle to become the most environmentally friendly retailer steps up.The high street giant, which launches its strategy with an advertising campaign in March, has set some challenging targets, including a pledge to stop sending all waste to landfill and to reduce CO2 emissions by 80 per cent.However, the aspirations will be closely scrutinised by non-governmental organisations, which will want to see if MS will be able to maintain its commitment to them in future years as the deadline to meet its targets near. Stuart Rose, the top dog executive, tell that he hoped that the cost of the programme would be offset by increased sales.Last year the retailer launched a Behind the Label campaign, which highlighted Marks Spencers environmental and ethical business practices and was one of the retailers most successful advertising schemes.Mr Rose said We think this is the right thing to do because our customers, employees and, increasingly, shareholders are petition us to. We believe those people will embrace a responsible business.MS has worked on the project for six months, taking advice from Jonathon Porritt, the former director of Friends of the Earth, who said This plan raises the bar for everyone else not just retailers but businesses in every sector.MSs detailed 100-point plan covers climate change, waste, raw materials, fair trade and healthy living.Elements also include reducing the amount of food imported and labelling those goods flown in, opening a model green factory and four stores and using 50 per cent bio-diesel in its lorry fleet.The retailer also wants to reduce packaging by 25 per cent and to use recycled p hold upic bottles to make polyester for use in clothing and interior(a) furnishings.Rosemary Byrde, global Fairtrade policy adviser at Oxfam, said Marks Spencer is to be applauded for leading the way. We look forward to seeing the difference this will make and to other major retailers following suit in the near future.Robert Napier, chief executive of WWF-UK, the conservation organisation, said Such bold aspirations as outlined by Marks Spencer can only help to drive other supermarkets and the retail sector towards supplying products in a way that protects our planet and sustains the natural resources we depend upon.The first change that MS shop classpers will notice is a range of fair trade cotton T-shirts. About 20 million garments will be produced over the next 12 months, accounting for about a third of the worlds supply of fair trade cotton.Retailers fought to seize the green agenda throughout last year as environmental and fair trade issues had become increasingly important to shoppers and regulators.Marks and Spencers Mission, vision, Values and ObjectivesMarks and Spencers corporeal objectives are incorporated in its mission statement. This outlines what the business is and what it should be. Mission statements set out in writing what the firm wants to achieve and often include information on the values of the business. MS outlines its core business as clothing and Food. Its financial objectives is to deliver shareholder value in footing of increase returns, but also in terms of increase sales and market share in retailing. It beliefs and values are outlined as Our cus tomers continue to see Marks Spencer as the place to shop for special food, produced to exacting standards. MS also sees its workforce as an important part of its plan and also considers modernising its stores as a key corporate objective.Vision The standard against which all others are measuredMission Making aspirational quality accessible to allValues Quality, value, service, innovation and trustMS also outlines its corporate social responsibility in its mission statement and considers the needs of other stakeholders too.We have a strong tradition of corporate social responsibility (CSR) but we want to make sure CSR is integrated into our operations at every levelFinally, MS also outlines its strategic intent (vision) in its corporate objectives. MS wants to continue its differentiation strategy by delivering freshness, quality and innovation.Strategic ImplementationThis process reads distribution of resources (financial, personnel, time, and technology support). The next step i nvolves assigning tasks or responsibilities to specific individuals or groups to make the environment clean and it needs to disseminated into the company effectively and efficiently, monitoring the progress and results. Careful assessment of the process, controlling for variances and making the required adjustments form vital components of this process.Strategy EvaluationAs the term suggests, this process includes evaluation of the efficacy of the organizational strategy implemented.Therefore, successful strategic management must(prenominal) include clearly defined objectives, careful assessment of both the internal and external situation to formulate the strategy, implementing the strategy and making the required adjustments as and when required.The company must possess a clear vision of its long term plans or a clear business vision. This also includes assessing the financial and strategic objectives. Financial objectives involve measures such as sales targets and earnings growth . Strategic objectives are related to the firms business position, and may include measures such as market share and reputation. (quickmba, 2007). The Environmental scan includes the following elements Internal analysis of the firm, Analysis of the firms industry (task environment) and External macro environment (PESTanalysis).After deriving and inferring the information from the environmental scan the company should be able to carefully identify and address its weaknesses and external threats and evaluate its strengths. A competitive edge in the market in the market can be based on cost or differentiation.The stage of implementation essentially involves distribution and organization of the companys resources and staff motivation to achieve the set objectives or goals. Evaluation and control includes monitoring the strategy and fine-tuning it as required.CONCLUSIONAfter mid 1990s MS began to experience internal problems such as information flow breakdown and together with the fact t hat top management was concerned with international expansion MS was drifted away from its core values such as consumer care and customer satisfaction. MS failed to recognise that consumers were becoming wiser and its competitions much stronger. Most of consumers consider MS to be old fashioned company, this image has to be changed to be in line with the market demand and regain its lost customers to other competitors. Based on the analyses, the author feels that MS requires to be focus on its strategic plan therefore, in formulate a strategy envirmental analysis is required, which will be analysed through pestle, the current situation of Marks and Spencer is also captured then a strategic plan is constructed to overcome the barriers, then it is implemented and evaluated to ensure long-term success.Business must try and use as many tools as affirmable in order to come out with the best strategy for the organisation. However, firms must try and evade the limitations of these tools s o as to formulate the best strategy.

Crime Scene Investigation Case Study

Crime Scene Investigation Case StudyCase Study Redcott CottageThe presence of the deuce glasses of noose and tonic on the drinks knock back in the lounge indicates the possibility of two people being in spite of appearance the kinsperson at the moment of the attack. Performing the cyanoacrylate fuming method, the fingerprints on the glasses will become visible and so they could be collected and further compared to the police records in order to identify the people located inside the house roughly the time of the attack. Moreover, there might be traces of saliva left on the margins of the glasses which can be identified using the RSID quiz and then further analyzed for matching the desoxyribonucleic acid using the STR/Y-STR method.The CSI Laboratory Analysis showed that the blood recovered from around the body and the blood recovered from the drinks instrument panel belong to the same blood group . A deeper analysis of the blood samples needs to be carried out in order to ident ify and compare the DNA contained by each one of them. I expect the top of this test to show that the DNA from the samples do not match, therefore indicating that there were indeed two people inside the house at the moment of the attack, which would be consistent with the direction of the pellets shot and would also explain the cartroad of blood left from the drinks table to the back door and out of doors.The Cobalt Thiocyanate test applied on the w nocke powder identified at the crime scene returned a positive result for cocaine. However, it is known that other compounds such as Diphenhydramine and Lidocaine, known as false positives for cocaine, also give blue organic layers under this test. Therefore, the substance should be analyzed in more depth using the GC-MS method. Moreover, the stomach content of the victim as well as his blood should be tested in order to determine if the victim was under the influence of any substances before he was killed.The evidence show that there were two attackers. The first attacker approached the house from the east side and started shooting through the lounge window, with a shotgun using Winchester Super Double X Magnum pellets, targeting the person who was seated at the table. The point that more than one shotgun cartridge wadding were found directly underneath the window and inside the piano shows that the attacker fired at least twice, one of the shots being obstructed by the piano, thus explaining the glass shards and pellets found imbedded in its body work. Some of the pellets reached the drinks table and also the person standing coterminous to it, who was injured, started bleeding, and most probably fell to the ground.The attacker then went to the front door and broke into the house by forcing the entry. Using the cyanoacrylate fuming method any potential fingerprints on the door handle and on the area surrounding it will be revealed.The second attacker approached the house from the north side, positioning hims elf in front of the kitchen window and targeting the person who was located in doorway between the kitchen and lounge. He fired at least twice, with a shotgun using Remington Premier HEVISHOT pellets. One of the shots hit the man in his upper left arm, causing his death, and the others hit the wall south of the door and the doorframe.The hypostasis being mostly on the front reflection of the body shows that the victim was lying face down. Moreover, having his head pointing towards east and legs towards west indicates that the man was facing the lounge when he was shot dead. Hence, considering the trajectory of the pellets, the places where they were found and the accompaniment that the victim was shot only on his left side, we can conclude that the attacker was situated on the left hand side of the subject, briefly empennage him, position that supports the hypothesis of the intruder shooting from outside the house through the kitchen window.By using optical methods and specific c hemical tests (AAS/NAA) on the victims body, particularly around the wounds, we would get information about the presence, the quantity and the pattern of the gun shot residue, thus being able to evaluate the firing distance. In this case I expect the tests to show that the gun was fired at an intermediate range, approximately a few meters. This result would also be consistent with the external font of the victims wounds such as the diameter of the shot pattern, the area of superficial abrasion, the dimensions of the exit and re-entry wounds and the lack of stippling or fouling marks surrounding the entry wounds.It is important to understand the makeup of the trail of footprints which starts from the doorway between the kitchen and lounge and leads to the front door in order to identify the access route of the first attacker. Using Luminol, we can collapse if the footprints were made in blood. If this test returns a negative result, we can further use mass spectroscopy to identify the composition of the footprints and compare them with soil samples from outside the house. If the test correlates the two samples, and knowing that the footprints start only from the kitchen door, the conclusion that the attacker entered the house through the kitchen window may be drawn. Moreover, the work surface and drop down situated below the kitchen window should be carefully inspected for footprints or any other signs, such as fingerprints, fibres, hair, blood that might indicate the window to be the attackers access way to the house and lead in any way to his identification.After the attack, both intruders left the house through the front door, hypothesis furtherly back up by the trail of footprints seen exiting through the front door. Later, the person injured raised from the ground and left the house through the back door, thus leaving the trail of blood found at the crime scene on his path.